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143
Perceptual Watermarks for Digital Images and Video
, 2007
"... The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images. Copyright protection involves the authentication of image content and/or ownership and can be used to identify illegal copies of a (possibly forged) image. One approa ..."
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Cited by 192 (21 self)
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The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images. Copyright protection involves the authentication of image content and/or ownership and can be used to identify illegal copies of a (possibly forged) image. One approach for copyright protection is to introduce an invisible signal known as a digital watermark in the image. In this paper, we describe digital image watermarking techniques, known as perceptually based watermarks, that are designed to exploit aspects of the human visual system. In the most general sense, any watermarking technique that attempts to incorporate an invisible mark into an image is perceptually based. However, in order to provide transparency (invisibility of the watermark) and robustness to attack, more sophisticated use of perceptual information in the watermarking process is required. Several techniques have been introduced that incorporate a simple visual model in the marking procedure. Such techniques usually take advantage of frequency selectivity and weighing to provide some perceptual criteria in the watermarking process. Even more elaborate visual models are used to develop schemes that not only take advantage of frequency
Improved Wavelet-based Water- marking Through Pixelwise Masking
- IEEE Trans. on Image Processing
, 2001
"... Improved wavelet-based watermarking through ..."
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A video watermarking system for broadcast monitoring
- Proceedings of IS&T/SPIE/EI25, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Content
, 1999
"... This paper presents a video watermarking technology for broadcast monitoring. The technology has been developed at the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven in the context of the European ESPRIT project VIVA (Visual Identity Verication Auditor). The aim of the VIVA project is to investigate and ..."
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Cited by 86 (4 self)
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This paper presents a video watermarking technology for broadcast monitoring. The technology has been developed at the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven in the context of the European ESPRIT project VIVA (Visual Identity Verication Auditor). The aim of the VIVA project is to investigate and demonstrate a professional broadcast surveillance system. The key technology in the VIVA project is a new video watermarking technique by the name of JAWS (Just Another Watermarking System). The JAWS system has been developed such that the embedded watermarks (i) are invisible, (ii) are robust with respect to all common processing steps in the broadcast transmission chain, (iii) have a very low probability of false alarms, (iv) have a large payload at high rate, and (v) allow for a low complexity and a real-time detection. In this paper we present the basic ingredients of the JAWS technology. We also brie
y discuss the performance of JAWS with respect to the requirements of broadcast monitoring.
Mutliresolution watermarking for images and video
- IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol
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A new wavelet-based scheme for watermarking images
- In Proceedings of International Conference Image Processing
, 1998
"... A new method for digital image watermarking which does not require the original image for watermark detection is presented. Assuming that we are using a transform domain spread spectrum watermarking scheme, it is important to add the watermark in select coefficients with significant image energy in ..."
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Cited by 71 (0 self)
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A new method for digital image watermarking which does not require the original image for watermark detection is presented. Assuming that we are using a transform domain spread spectrum watermarking scheme, it is important to add the watermark in select coefficients with significant image energy in the transform domain in order to ensure non-erasability of the watermark. Previous methods, which did not use the original in the detection process, could not selectively add the watermark to the significant coefficients, since the locations of such selected coefficients can change due to image manipulations. Since watermark verification typically consists of a process of correlation which is extremely sensitive to the relative order in which the watermark coefficients are placed within the image, such changes in the location of the watermarked coefficients was unacceptable. We present a scheme which overcomes this problem of “order sensitivity”. Advantages of the proposed method include (i) improved resistance to attacks on the watermark, (ii) implicit visual masking utilizing the time-frequency localization property of the wavelet transform and (iii) a robust definition for the threshold which validates the watermark. We present results comparing our method with previous techniques, which clearly validate our claims. 1
DSSS-based flow marking technique for invisible traceback
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY (S&P
, 2007
"... Law enforcement agencies need the ability to conduct electronic surveillance to combat crime, terrorism, or other malicious activities exploiting the Internet. However, the proliferation of anonymous communication systems on the Internet has posed significant challenges to providing such traceback c ..."
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Cited by 69 (26 self)
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Law enforcement agencies need the ability to conduct electronic surveillance to combat crime, terrorism, or other malicious activities exploiting the Internet. However, the proliferation of anonymous communication systems on the Internet has posed significant challenges to providing such traceback capability. In this paper, we develop a new class of flow marking technique for invisible traceback based on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), utilizing a Pseudo-Noise (PN) code. By interfering with a sender’s traffic and marginally varying its rate, an investigator can embed a secret spread spectrum signal into the sender’s traffic. The embedded signal is carried along with the traffic from the sender to the receiver, so the investigator can recognize the corresponding communication relationship, tracing the messages despite the use of anonymous networks. The secret PN code makes it difficult for others to detect the presence of such embedded signals, so the traceback, while available to investigators is, effectively invisible. We demonstrate a practical flow marking system which requires no training, and can achieve both high detection and low false positive rates. Using a combination of analytical modeling, simulations, and experiments on Tor (a popular Internet anonymous communication system), we demonstrate the effectiveness of the DSSS-based flow mark-
Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition
- Proc. Sixth IFIP WG 5.2 GEO-6
, 1998
"... Recently, much interest is being taken in methods to protect the copyright of digital data and preventing illegal duplication of it. However, in the area of CAD/CAM and CG, there are no effective ways to protect the copyright of 3D geometric models. As a first step to solve this problem, a new digit ..."
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Cited by 65 (0 self)
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Recently, much interest is being taken in methods to protect the copyright of digital data and preventing illegal duplication of it. However, in the area of CAD/CAM and CG, there are no effective ways to protect the copyright of 3D geometric models. As a first step to solve this problem, a new digital watermarking method for 3D polygonal models is introduced in this paper. Watermarking is one of the copyright protection methods where an invisible watermark is secretly embedded into the original data. The proposed watermarking method is based on wavelet transform (WT) and multiresolution representation (MRR) of the polygonal model. The watermark can be embedded in the large wavelet coefficient vectors at various resolution levels of the MRR. This makes the embedded watermark imperceptible and invariant to the affine transformation. And also makes the control of the geometric error caused by the watermarking reliable. First the requirements and features of the proposed watermarking method are discussed. Second the mathematical formulations of WT and MRR of the polygonal model are shown. Third the algorithm of embedding and extracting the watermark is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking method is shown through several simulation results.
The use of Watermarks in the Protection of Digital Multimedia Products
- Proceedings of the IEEE
, 1999
"... The watermarking of digital images, audio, video and multimedia products in general has been proposed for resolving copyright ownership and verifying originality of content. This paper studies the contribution of watermarking for developing protection schemes. A general watermarking framework (GWF) ..."
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Cited by 41 (4 self)
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The watermarking of digital images, audio, video and multimedia products in general has been proposed for resolving copyright ownership and verifying originality of content. This paper studies the contribution of watermarking for developing protection schemes. A general watermarking framework (GWF) is studied and the fundamental demands are listed. The watermarking algorithms, namely watermark generation, embedding and detection, are analyzed and necessary conditions for a reliable and efficient protection are stated. Although the GWF satisfies the majority of requirements for copyright protection and content verification, there are unsolved problems inside a pure watermarking framework. Particular solutions, based on product registration and related network services, are suggested to overcome such problems. 1 1 Introduction The digital form of photographs, paintings, speech, music, video etc. became very popular in the last decade. Digital facilities for creating, processi...
