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259
Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 1997
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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Cited by 224 (25 self)
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: a dynamic self-regulatory processing model.
- Psychological Inquiry,
, 2001
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Forgiveness, forbearance, and time: The temporal unfolding of transgression-related interpersonal motivations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 2003
"... The investigators proposed that transgression-related interpersonal motivations result from 3 psychological parameters: forbearance (abstinence from avoidance and revenge motivations, and maintenance of benevolence), trend forgiveness (reductions in avoidance and revenge, and increases in benevolen ..."
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Cited by 74 (25 self)
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The investigators proposed that transgression-related interpersonal motivations result from 3 psychological parameters: forbearance (abstinence from avoidance and revenge motivations, and maintenance of benevolence), trend forgiveness (reductions in avoidance and revenge, and increases in benevolence), and temporary forgiveness (transient reductions in avoidance and revenge, and transient increases in benevolence). In 2 studies, the investigators examined this 3-parameter model. Initial ratings of transgression severity and empathy were directly related to forbearance but not trend forgiveness. Initial responsibility attributions were inversely related to forbearance but directly related to trend forgiveness. When people experienced high empathy and low responsibility attributions, they also tended to experience temporary forgiveness. The distinctiveness of each of these 3 parameters underscores the importance of studying forgiveness temporally.
Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 2003
"... The authors hypothesize that socially excluded individuals enter a defensive state of cognitive deconstruction that avoids meaningful thought, emotion, and self-awareness, and is characterized by lethargy and altered time flow. Social rejection led to an overestimation of time intervals, a focus on ..."
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Cited by 64 (8 self)
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The authors hypothesize that socially excluded individuals enter a defensive state of cognitive deconstruction that avoids meaningful thought, emotion, and self-awareness, and is characterized by lethargy and altered time flow. Social rejection led to an overestimation of time intervals, a focus on the present rather than the future, and a failure to delay gratification (Experiment 1). Rejected participants were more likely to agree that “Life is meaningless ” (Experiment 2). Excluded participants wrote fewer words and displayed slower reaction times (Experiments 3 and 4). They chose fewer emotion words in an implicit emotion task (Experiment 5), replicating the lack of emotion on explicit measures (Experiments 1–3 and 6). Excluded participants also tried to escape from self-awareness by facing away from a mirror (Experiment 6). The desire to be accepted by other people is one of the most basic and pervasive human drives (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). When that drive is thwarted through social exclusion or rejection, people react in a variety of negative ways. People who have been ostracized report decrements in physical health and increases in stress and anxiety (K. D. Williams, 2001). People who feel excluded or rejected often become more aggressive as a result
Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
, 2006
"... This article reviews the literature on the relationship between interpersonal rejection and aggression. Four bodies of research are summarized: laboratory experiments that manipulate rejection, rejection among adults in everyday life, rejection in child-hood, and individual differences that may mode ..."
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Cited by 60 (4 self)
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This article reviews the literature on the relationship between interpersonal rejection and aggression. Four bodies of research are summarized: laboratory experiments that manipulate rejection, rejection among adults in everyday life, rejection in child-hood, and individual differences that may moderate the relationship. The theoretical mechanisms behind the effect are then explored. Possible explanationsfor why rejec-tion leads to anger and aggression include: rejection as a source ofpain, rejection as a source offrustration, rejection as a threat to self-esteem, mood improvementfollow-ing aggression, aggression as social influence, aggression as a means of reestablish-ing control, retribution, disinhibition, and loss ofself-control. As a broad category of behavior, aggression is influ-enced by an array of biological, psychological, inter-personal, and cultural factors. Behavioral researchers have examined the effects on aggression of variables as diverse as hormones, brain abnormalities, frustration, attributions, ego-threats, observation of aggressive
Psychological entitlement: Interpersonal consequences and validation of a selfreport measure
- Journal of Personality Assessment
, 2004
"... Nine studies were conducted with the goal of developing a self-report measure of psychological entitlement and assessing its interpersonal consequences. The Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) was found to be reliable and valid (Study 1, 2), not associated with social desirability (Study 2), stabl ..."
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Cited by 56 (14 self)
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Nine studies were conducted with the goal of developing a self-report measure of psychological entitlement and assessing its interpersonal consequences. The Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) was found to be reliable and valid (Study 1, 2), not associated with social desirability (Study 2), stable across time (Study 3), and correlated negatively with two of the Big Five factors: agreeableness and emotional stability (Study 4). The validity of the PES was confirmed in studies that assessed willingness to take candy designated for children (Study 5) and reported deservingness of pay in a hypothetical employment setting (Study 6). Finally, the PES was linked to important interpersonal consequences including competitive choices in a commons dilemma (Study 7), selfish approaches to romantic relationships (Study 8), and aggression following ego threat (Study 9). Psychological entitlement has a pervasive and largely unconstructive impact on social behavior. Entitlement is at the heart of many questions concerning the distribution of resources in society, from tax breaks and social welfare to university enrollments and even access to good seats for football games. This is perhaps the reason why
Does self-love lead to love for others? A story of narcissistic game playing
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
, 2002
"... Five studies investigated the links among narcissism, self-esteem, and love. Across all studies, narcissism was associated primarily with a game-playing love style. This link was found in reports of general love styles (Study 1a) and of love in ongoing romantic relationships (Studies 1b–3, 5). Narci ..."
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Cited by 52 (8 self)
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Five studies investigated the links among narcissism, self-esteem, and love. Across all studies, narcissism was associated primarily with a game-playing love style. This link was found in reports of general love styles (Study 1a) and of love in ongoing romantic relationships (Studies 1b–3, 5). Narcissists ’ game-playing love style was the result of a need for power and autonomy (Study 2) and was linked with greater relationship alternatives and lesser commitment (Study 3). Finally, narcissists ’ self-reports of game playing were confirmed by their partners in past and current relationships (Studies 4, 5). In contrast, self-esteem was negatively linked to manic love and positively linked to passionate love across studies. Implications for the understanding of narcissism in relationships are discussed. If you do not love yourself, you will be unable to love others. (Popular belief quoted by Branden, 1994) There are a whole lot of hearts breakin ’ tonight from the disease of conceit.—Bob Dylan, “Disease of Conceit” It is popularly believed that self-love is a necessary prerequisite for loving others. As exemplified by the first quote above, this belief permeates the realm of self-help literature (Branden, 1994).
The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory.
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
, 2002
"... Narcissists consider themselves to be exceptional performers, but past research has found no consistent relationship between narcissism and performance. The present research tested the hypothesis that the relationship between subclinical narcissism and performance is moderated by a motivational fac ..."
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Cited by 50 (3 self)
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Narcissists consider themselves to be exceptional performers, but past research has found no consistent relationship between narcissism and performance. The present research tested the hypothesis that the relationship between subclinical narcissism and performance is moderated by a motivational factor: perceived self-enhancement opportunity. Four experiments were conducted, each using different manipulations of self-enhancement opportunity and different performance tasks. In each study, narcissists performed better when self-enhancement opportunity was high rather than low. In contrast, the performance of participants with low narcissism was relatively unaffected by self-enhancement opportunity. Other findings suggested that narcissists' self-enhancement motivation stems more from a desire to garner admiration than from a desire to self-evaluate. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Narcissism and social networking web sites.
- Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences,
, 2008
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2006, ‘Loving Yourself Abundantly: Relationship of the Narcissistic Personality to Self- and Other
- Perceptions of Workplace Deviance, Leadership, and Task and Context Performance’, Journal of Applied Psychology 91
"... We report results from two studies assessing the extent to which narcissism is related to self- and other-ratings of leadership, workplace deviance, and task and contextual performance. Study 1 results revealed that narcissism was related to enhanced self-ratings of leadership, even when controlling ..."
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Cited by 45 (2 self)
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We report results from two studies assessing the extent to which narcissism is related to self- and other-ratings of leadership, workplace deviance, and task and contextual performance. Study 1 results revealed that narcissism was related to enhanced self-ratings of leadership, even when controlling for the Big Five traits. Study 2 results also revealed that narcissism was related to enhanced leadership self-perceptions; indeed, whereas narcissism was significantly positively correlated with self-ratings of leadership, it was significantly negatively related to other-ratings of leadership. Study 2 also revealed that narcissism was related to more favorable self-ratings of workplace deviance and contextual performance compared to other- (supervisor-) ratings. Finally, as hypothesized, narcissism was more strongly negatively related to contextual performance than to task performance.
