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Green Databases Through Integration of Renewable Energy
"... Recently, a lot of energy efficient techniques have been developed to reduce the usage of the carbon intensive energy (brown energy) of databases. There is a new opportunity to reduce the brown energy usage: renewable energy (green energy) has been used to at least partially power computer systems. ..."
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Recently, a lot of energy efficient techniques have been developed to reduce the usage of the carbon intensive energy (brown energy) of databases. There is a new opportunity to reduce the brown energy usage: renewable energy (green energy) has been used to at least partially power computer systems. The key challenge of exploiting green energy sources is that they are variable and intermittent. So far, there has been little work on integrating renewable energy into a database system. This paper attempts to bridge this gap with ReinDB (Renewable Energy Integrated Database). The design goal of ReinDB is to minimize the brown energy consumption on a database server with both green and brown energy supplies. Specifically, we develop the green supply driven execution paradigm and adaptive power management techniques to adapt to green energy supply. We further propose green aware optimizations to improve the efficiency of both brown and green energy usage. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of ReinDB in reducing the brown energy usage. 1.
Software Power Analysis And Optimization For Power-Aware Multicore Systems
, 2014
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"... Themainmemorysystemisacritical componentofmoderncomputersystems. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) based memory designs dominate the industry due to mature device technology and low cost. These designs, however, face several challenges movingforward. Thesechallenges ariseduetolegacy DRAMdevicedesi ..."
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Themainmemorysystemisacritical componentofmoderncomputersystems. Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) based memory designs dominate the industry due to mature device technology and low cost. These designs, however, face several challenges movingforward. Thesechallenges ariseduetolegacy DRAMdevicedesignchoices, advances in Central Processing Unit (CPU) design, and the demand for higher memory throughput and capacity from applications. Due to the cost-sensitive nature of the DRAM industry, changes to the device architecture face significant challenges for adoption. There is thus a need to improve memory system designs, ideally without changing the DRAM device architectures. This dissertation addresses the challenges faced by DRAM memory systems by leveraging data management. Historically, data management/placement and its interaction with the memory’s hardware characteristics have been abstracted away at the system software level. In this dissertation, we describe mechanisms that leverage data placement at the operating system level to improve memory access latency, power/energy efficiency, and capacity. An important advantage of using these schemes is that they require no changes
Real-Time In-Memory Checkpointing for Future Hybrid Memory Systems
"... In this paper, we study real-time in-memory checkpointing as an effective means to improve the reliability of future large-scale parallel processing systems. Under this context, the checkpoint overhead can become a significant perfor-mance bottleneck. Novel memory system designs with upcoming non-vo ..."
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In this paper, we study real-time in-memory checkpointing as an effective means to improve the reliability of future large-scale parallel processing systems. Under this context, the checkpoint overhead can become a significant perfor-mance bottleneck. Novel memory system designs with upcoming non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) technologies are emerging to address this performance is-sue. However, we find that those designs can still have prohibitively high checkpoint overhead and system down-time, especially when checkpoints are taken frequently to implement a reliable system. In this paper, we propose a novel in-memory checkpointing system, named Mona, for reducing the checkpoint overhead of hybrid memory systems with NVRAM and DRAM. To minimize the in-memory checkpoint overhead, Mona dynamically writes par-tial checkpoints from DRAM to NVRAM during application execution. To reduce the interference of partial check-pointing, Mona utilizes runtime idle periods and leverages a cost model to guide partial checkpointing decisions for individual DRAM ranks. We further develop load-balancing mechanisms to balance checkpoint overheads across different DRAM ranks. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of Mona in reducing the checkpoint over-head, downtime and restarting time.
Refreshing Thoughts on DRAM: Power Saving vs. Data Integrity
"... To head-off the trend of increasing power con-sumption and throughput overheads due to refresh in DRAM, researchers are exploring ways to fine-tune refresh rate. Refresh management proposals range from temperature-aware refresh to partitioning data cells based on volatility, with each partition havi ..."
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To head-off the trend of increasing power con-sumption and throughput overheads due to refresh in DRAM, researchers are exploring ways to fine-tune refresh rate. Refresh management proposals range from temperature-aware refresh to partitioning data cells based on volatility, with each partition having its own refresh rate. One hurdle in this area is the lack of precise description of the evaluation setups used in current proposals. The incomplete descrip-tion makes it difficult to reproduce reproduce results and compare approaches. Thus, it is common for researchers to evaluate their approach using mathe-matical models derived on the experimental results from a disparate set of platforms. To aide in the evaluation of existing and future ap-proaches for tuning DRAM refresh to save power, this paper provides a reproducible DRAM research plat-form. On this platform, we re-run commonly cited experiments from previous papers in the area. Our experimental results highlight the necessity of a re-producible platform by showing how both assump-tions and experimental outcomes are sensitive to of-ten omitted parameters like temperature and refresh duration. 1
Author Retrospective for Energy Conservation Techniques for Disk Array-based Servers
"... Abstract. This is a retrospective on our original paper ti-tled “Energy Conservation Techniques for Disk Array-based Servers”, which was published in the Proceedings of the In-ternational Conference on Supercomputing in 2004. ..."
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Abstract. This is a retrospective on our original paper ti-tled “Energy Conservation Techniques for Disk Array-based Servers”, which was published in the Proceedings of the In-ternational Conference on Supercomputing in 2004.
