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...rines 41 and 45 is necessary for the role of PU.1 in macrophage proliferation (see below), whereas phosphorylation of serine 148 is required for the interaction of PU.1 with other proteins in B cells =-=[11, 12]-=-; (3) the DNA-binding domain, also known as the ets domain, which is a consensus motif present in all the ets family members [13]. The crystal structure of the PU.1 ets domain in complex with DNA has ...

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...velopment by controlling the level of PU.1 activity and thereby reducing the plasticity of early B cells to differentiate into myeloid cells. Since PU.1 is known to influence macrophage proliferation =-=(5)-=-, BSAP expression in early B-cell precursors could limit the expansion of cells into the myeloid pathway by inhibiting PU.1 function. Indeed, BSAP appears to reduce the clonal expansion of early myelo...

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...ote ubiquitous cellular functions such as proliferation and survival. Indeed, PU.1 has been reported to promote proliferation of both erythroid progenitors [10,43] and bone marrow derived macrophages =-=[73]-=-. However, higher concentrations of PU.1 are required to promote its lineage-specific functions [67,70–72]. It will be interesting to determine whether this principle of overlapping gene networks regu...

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.... (1996) found that sense PU.1 expression constructs increased M-CSF-dependent proliferation in mouse bone-marrow macrophages, and antisense PU.1 constructs reduced proliferation in response to M-CSF =-=[24]-=-. They also found that sense PU.1 constructs gave rise to increased M-CSF receptor expression, and it has previously been demonstrated that PU.1 binds to the c-fms promoter [25]. While M-CSF is import...

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...two serine residues (positions 41 and 45) located at one of the acidic transactivation domains is necessary for macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation of bone marrow macrophages =-=(4)-=-, a serine phosphorylation at position 148 in the proline-, glutamic-acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich domain mediates the interaction between PU.1 and the B-cell enhancer factor (NF-EM5). The latter...

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...and lymphoid lineages [142]. Knockout mouse studies have shown that perturbation of PU.1 expression results not only in the loss of B-cells and macrophage development, but also delays T lymphopoiesis =-=[143,144]-=-. Additionally, PU.1 supports the self-renewal of HSCs by regulating the multilineage commitment of multipotent progenitors, thereby maintaining a pool of pluripotent HSCs within the bone marrow [145,...

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...lymerized in the gel. Results were representative of three independent assays. Transfection of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) 6595 siRNA were obtained from Dharmacon and transfected by electroporation =-=(31)-=-. Then 4 � 10 6 cells and 1.5 �M siRNA were resuspended in 400 �l and pulsed once at 350 V, 2300 �F with a BTX ECM 600 electroporator (BTX). The siRNA sequences were AGUCAAAGAAGAGAGACCU for siRNA1 and...

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...fect of decorin on macrophage activation. We used primary cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages, a homogeneous cell population that responds to physiological proliferative or activating stimuli =-=(16)-=-. Decorin enhances both LPS- and IFN-�-induced activation, as shown by the capacity to increase MHC class II, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cytokine expression. The effect of this proteoglycan is ...

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...omains contains two serine phosphorylation sites (amino acids 41 and 45) determined to be necessary for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent proliferation of bone marrow macrophages =-=(4)-=-. Downstream of the Downloaded from http://mcb.asm.org/ on February 23, 2013 by PENN STATE UNIV 43474348 FISHER ET AL. MOL. CELL. BIOL. transactivation region is the PEST domain of PU.1 (amino acids ...

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...NA element in the promoter and enhancer of target genes hence influencing key biological processes in the immune system such as differentiation and activation of macrophages, andmaturation of B-cells =-=[36]-=-. Transcriptional regulation of interferon (IFN)-inducible genes mediating the anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune response require the activation of IRF-1 and ICSBP binding proteins that up-regulate...