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Signal Processing Techniques in Network-Aided Positioning: A Survey of State-ofthe-Art Positioning Designs
- IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
, 2005
"... [A survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs] The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires that the precise location of all enhanced 911 (E911) callers be automatically determined. This requirement has motivated the development of cellular-aided positioning. To facilitate emergency ..."
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Cited by 98 (3 self)
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[A survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs] The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires that the precise location of all enhanced 911 (E911) callers be automatically determined. This requirement has motivated the development of cellular-aided positioning. To facilitate emergency services, the FCC has mandated that 95 % of all handsets sold be location compatible by the end of December 2005 [1]. Wireless positioning has also been found very useful for other applications besides E911 service, ranging from vehicle navigation and network optimization to resource management and automated billing. Ubiquitous computing and location-aware computing also necessitate that we develop techniques for estimating the location of mobile users in both outdoor and indoor environments. Various positioning systems have been proposed for use in ubiquitous computing [2]. As an essential prerequisite for ubiquitous computing, mobile positioning techniques, linked with wireless networks, have increasingly provided mobile users with opportunities to access personal information, corporate data, and shared resources anytime, anywhere. Positioning systems can be grouped in many different ways, including indoor versus outdoor systems or cellular versus sensor network positioning designs, as shown in Figure 1.
Information fusion for wireless sensor networks: methods, models, and classifications,”
- Article ID 1267073,
, 2007
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The cricket indoor location system
, 2005
"... Indoor environments present opportunities for a rich set of location-aware applications such as navigation tools for humans and robots, interactive virtual games, resource discovery, asset tracking, location-aware sensor networking etc. Typical indoor applications require better accuracy than what c ..."
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Cited by 72 (0 self)
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Indoor environments present opportunities for a rich set of location-aware applications such as navigation tools for humans and robots, interactive virtual games, resource discovery, asset tracking, location-aware sensor networking etc. Typical indoor applications require better accuracy than what current outdoor location systems provide. Outdoor location technologies such as GPS have poor indoor performance because of the harsh nature of indoor environments. Further, typical indoor applications require different types of location information such as physical space, position and orientation. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of the Cricket indoor location system that provides accurate location in the form of user space, position and orientation to mobile and sensor network applications. Cricket consists of location beacons that are attached to the ceiling of a building, and receivers, called listeners, attached to devices that need location. Each beacon periodically transmits its location information in an RF message. At the same time,
Mobile-assisted localization in wireless sensor networks
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE INFOCOM ’05
, 2005
"... The localization problem is to determine an assignment of coordinates to nodes in a wireless ad-hoc or sensor network that is consistent with measured pairwise node distances. Most previously proposed solutions to this problem assume that the nodes can obtain pairwise distances to other nearby nod ..."
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Cited by 67 (0 self)
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The localization problem is to determine an assignment of coordinates to nodes in a wireless ad-hoc or sensor network that is consistent with measured pairwise node distances. Most previously proposed solutions to this problem assume that the nodes can obtain pairwise distances to other nearby nodes using some ranging technology. However, for a variety of reasons that include obstructions and lack of reliable omnidirectional ranging, this distance information is hard to obtain in practice. Even when pairwise distances between nearby nodes are known, there may not be enough information to solve the problem uniquely. This paper describes MAL, a mobile-assisted localization method which employs a mobile user to assist in measuring distances between node pairs until these distance constraints form a “globally rigid ” structure that guarantees a unique localization. We derive the required constraints on the mobile’s movement and the minimum number of measurements it must collect; these constraints depend on the number of nodes visible to the mobile in a given region. We show how to guide the mobile’s movement to gather a sufficient number of distance samples for node localization. We use simulations and measurements from an indoor deployment using the Cricket location system to investigate the performance of MAL, finding in real-world experiments that MAL’s median pairwise distance error is less than 1.5 % of the true node distance.
A high-accuracy, low-cost localization system for wireless sensor networks
- In Proceedings of The Third ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys
, 2005
"... The problem of localization of wireless sensor nodes has long been regarded as very difficult to solve, when considering the realities of real world environments. In this paper, we formally describe, design, implement and evaluate a novel localization system, called Spotlight. Our system uses the sp ..."
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Cited by 65 (14 self)
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The problem of localization of wireless sensor nodes has long been regarded as very difficult to solve, when considering the realities of real world environments. In this paper, we formally describe, design, implement and evaluate a novel localization system, called Spotlight. Our system uses the spatio-temporal properties of well controlled events in the network (e.g., light), to obtain the locations of sensor nodes. We demonstrate that a high accuracy in localization can be achieved without the aid of expensive hardware on the sensor nodes, as required by other localization systems. We evaluate the performance of our system in deployments of Mica2 and XSM motes. Through performance evaluations of a real system deployed outdoors, we obtain a 20cm localization error. A sensor network, with any number of nodes, deployed in a 2500m 2 area, can be localized in under 10 minutes, using a device that costs less than $1000. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a sub-meter localization error, obtained in an outdoor environment, without equipping the wireless sensor nodes with specialized ranging hardware.
Localization with mobile anchor points in wireless sensor networks
- IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
, 2005
"... Abstract—Localization is one of the substantial issues in wireless sensor networks. Several approaches, including range-based and range-free, have been proposed to calculate positions for randomly deployed sensor nodes. With specific hardware, the range-based schemes typically achieve high accuracy ..."
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Cited by 54 (0 self)
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Abstract—Localization is one of the substantial issues in wireless sensor networks. Several approaches, including range-based and range-free, have been proposed to calculate positions for randomly deployed sensor nodes. With specific hardware, the range-based schemes typically achieve high accuracy based on either node-tonode distances or angles. On the other hand, the range-free mechanisms support coarse positioning accuracy with the less expense. This paper describes a range-free localization scheme using mobile anchor points. Each anchor point equipped with the GPS moves in the sensing field and broadcasts its current position periodically. The sensor nodes obtaining the information are able to compute their locations. With the scheme, no extra hardware or data communication is needed for the sensor nodes. Moreover, obstacles in the sensing fields can be tolerated. The localization mechanism has been implemented in the network simulator ns-2. The simulation results show that our scheme performed better than other range-free mechanisms. Index Terms—Geometry, localization, mobile anchor points, range-free, wireless sensor networks. I.
Monte-carlo localization for mobile wireless sensor networks
- In 2nd Int. Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN 2006), Hong Kong
, 2006
"... Localization is crucial to many applications in wireless sensor networks. In this article, we propose a rangefree anchor-based localization algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks that builds upon the Monte Carlo Localization algorithm. We concentrate on improving the localization accuracy and ..."
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Cited by 32 (0 self)
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Localization is crucial to many applications in wireless sensor networks. In this article, we propose a rangefree anchor-based localization algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks that builds upon the Monte Carlo Localization algorithm. We concentrate on improving the localization accuracy and efficiency by making better use of the information a sensor node gathers and by drawing the necessary location samples faster. To do so, we constrain the area from which samples are drawn by building a box that covers the region where anchors ’ radio ranges overlap. This box is the region of the deployment area where the sensor node is localized. Simulation results show that localization accuracy is improved by a minimum of 4 % and by a maximum of 73 % (average 30%), for varying node speeds when considering nodes with knowledge of at least three anchors. The coverage is also strongly affected by speed and its improvement ranges from 3 % to 55 % (average 22%). Finally, the processing time is reduced by 93 % for a similar localization accuracy.
Non-interactive location surveying for sensor networks with mobility-differentiated ToA
"... Location-awareness is crucial to many applications of sensor networks. Existing location surveying approaches either rely on an inflexible infrastructure or suffer from high computation and communication load. In this paper, we present Non-intEractive lOcation Surveying (NEOS) to address certain d ..."
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Cited by 20 (4 self)
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Location-awareness is crucial to many applications of sensor networks. Existing location surveying approaches either rely on an inflexible infrastructure or suffer from high computation and communication load. In this paper, we present Non-intEractive lOcation Surveying (NEOS) to address certain deficiencies in the existing approaches. The key contribution of NEOS is twofold: (i) it employs a mobile beacon to introduce mobilitydifferentiated time-of-arrival (MDToA) observations, a special form of time difference of arrival (TDoA), at the node side and (ii) it involves simple computations and entails no node-to-node communication. MDToA enables us to devise flexible and robust positioning algorithms; the resulting computational load fully obeys the processing constraints of sensor nodes. Furthermore, the non-interactive feature of NEOS allows of a substantial reduction on the nodes’ energy consumption. We have implemented a preliminary prototype of NEOS using CricketMotes. Our experiments with this prototype demonstrate a location accuracy within 2cm in a 16m 2 area.
A.: A particle filtering method for wireless sensor network localization with an aerial robot beacon
- In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
, 2008
"... Abstract — This paper presents a new method for the 3D localization of an outdoor Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by using a single flying beacon-node on-board an autonomous helicopter, which is aware of its position thanks to a GPS device. The technique is based on particle filtering and does not req ..."
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Cited by 18 (6 self)
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Abstract — This paper presents a new method for the 3D localization of an outdoor Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by using a single flying beacon-node on-board an autonomous helicopter, which is aware of its position thanks to a GPS device. The technique is based on particle filtering and does not require any prior information about the position of the nodes to be estimated. Its structure and stochastic nature allows a distributed computation of the position of the nodes. The paper shows how the method is very suitable for outdoor applications with robotic data-mule systems. The paper includes a section with experiments. I.
An Information Model for Geographic Greedy Forwarding in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks
"... Abstract—In wireless ad-hoc sensor networks, an important issue often faced in geographic greedy forwarding routing is the “local minimum phenomenon ” which is caused by deployment holes and blocks the forwarding process. In this paper, we provide a new information model for the geographic greedy fo ..."
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Cited by 14 (5 self)
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Abstract—In wireless ad-hoc sensor networks, an important issue often faced in geographic greedy forwarding routing is the “local minimum phenomenon ” which is caused by deployment holes and blocks the forwarding process. In this paper, we provide a new information model for the geographic greedy forwarding routing that only forwards the packet within the so-called request zone. Under this new information model, the hole and its affected area are identified easily and quickly in an unsafe area with a labeling process. The greedy forwarding will be blocked if and only if a node inside the unsafe area is used. Due to the shape of the request zone, an unsafe area can be estimated as a rectangular region in the local view of unsafe nodes. With such estimate information, the new routing method proposed in this paper will avoid blocking by holes and achieve better performance in routing time while the cost of information construction is greatly reduced compared with the best results known to date.
