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Mindfulness research update: 2008
- Complementary Health Research Practice Review
, 2009
"... Objective—To briefly review the effects of mindfulness on the mind, the brain, the body, and behavior. Methods—Selective review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases (2003–2008) using the terms “mindfulness”, “meditation”, “mental health”, “physical health”, “quality of life”, and “stre ..."
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Objective—To briefly review the effects of mindfulness on the mind, the brain, the body, and behavior. Methods—Selective review of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases (2003–2008) using the terms “mindfulness”, “meditation”, “mental health”, “physical health”, “quality of life”, and “stress reduction. ” A total of 52 exemplars of empirical and theoretical work were selected for review. Results—Both basic and clinical research indicate that cultivating a more mindful way of being is associated with less emotional distress, more positive states of mind, and better quality of life. In addition, mindfulness practice can influence the brain, the autonomic nervous system, stress hormones, the immune system, and health behaviors, including eating, sleeping and substance use, in salutary ways. Conclusion—The application of cutting-edge technology toward understanding mindfulness – an “inner technology ” – is elucidating new ways in which attention, awareness, acceptance, and compassion may promote optimal health – in mind, body, relationships, and spirit.
MINDFULNESS AT WORK
"... In this chapter, we argue that state and trait mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices in the workplace should enhance employee outcomes. First, we review the existing literature on mindfulness, provide a brief history and definition of the construct, and discuss its beneficial effects on physic ..."
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In this chapter, we argue that state and trait mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices in the workplace should enhance employee outcomes. First, we review the existing literature on mindfulness, provide a brief history and definition of the construct, and discuss its beneficial effects on physical and psychological health. Second, we delineate a model of the mental and neurobiological processes by which mindfulness and mindfulness-based practices improve self-regulation of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, linking them to both performance and employee well-being in the workplace. We especially focus on the power of mindfulness, via improved self-regulation, to enhance social relationships in the workplace, make employees more resilient in the face of challenges, and increase task performance. Third, we outline controversies, questions, and challenges that surround the study of mindfulness, paying special attention to the implications of unresolved issues for understanding the effects of mindfulness at work. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our propositions for organizations and employees and offer some recommendations for future research on mindfulness in the workplace.
Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma.” Trauma, Violence and Abuse
, 2011
"... Mindfulness- and acceptance-based conceptualizations of PTSD implicate experiential avoidance and non-mindful behavior in the etiology and maintenance of the disorder. If experiential avoidance is associated with vulnerability to PTSD, then a mindful and accepting orientation toward experience may c ..."
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Mindfulness- and acceptance-based conceptualizations of PTSD implicate experiential avoidance and non-mindful behavior in the etiology and maintenance of the disorder. If experiential avoidance is associated with vulnerability to PTSD, then a mindful and accepting orientation toward experience may confer psychological resilience following exposure to trauma. This article examines how mindfulness- and acceptance-based theories of psychopathology relate to risk of and resilience to PTSD. Research is reviewed dealing with the impact of experiential avoidance, avoidant coping, dissociation, acceptance, and mindfulness on PTSD symptom severity and posttraumatic functioning. This review suggests that trait mindfulness and acceptance are associated with greater psychological adjustment following exposure to trauma, while experiential avoidance, persistent dissociation, and coping strategies involving emotional disengagement are associated with greater PTSD symptom severity and related psychopathology. Methodological challenges are explored and suggestions for future research and PTSD prevention programs are discussed. Keywords PTSD, mental health and violence, violence exposure Epidemiological studies such as the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) report that more than 50 % of surveyed adults
Mindfulness-based stress reduction: facilitating work outcomes through experienced affect and highquality relationships." dissertation
, 2010
"... Mindfulness-based stress reduction: facilitating work outcomes through experienced affect and high-quality relationships ..."
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Mindfulness-based stress reduction: facilitating work outcomes through experienced affect and high-quality relationships
From conceptualization to operationalization of mindfulness
- In Handbook of Mindfulness
, 2014
"... To study a phenomenon scientifically, it must be appropriately described and measured. How mindfulness is conceptualized and assessed has considerable importance for mindfulness science, and perhaps in part because of this, these two issues have been among the most contentious in the field. In recog ..."
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To study a phenomenon scientifically, it must be appropriately described and measured. How mindfulness is conceptualized and assessed has considerable importance for mindfulness science, and perhaps in part because of this, these two issues have been among the most contentious in the field. In recognition of the growing scientific and clinical interest in mindfulness, a number of textual scholars of mindfulness have in recent years made efforts to describe and explain the meaning of mindfulness within one or more Buddhist traditions (e.g.,
From Goal-Striving to “Right Intention”: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Interviews with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Participants
"... Anxiety, depression, and chronic pain can be crippling ailments. Many patients turn to medications and a variety of therapies to relieve their distress. However, even “effective ” treatments may not completely eradicate symptoms. Research has shown that interventions such as Mindfulness-Based Stress ..."
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Anxiety, depression, and chronic pain can be crippling ailments. Many patients turn to medications and a variety of therapies to relieve their distress. However, even “effective ” treatments may not completely eradicate symptoms. Research has shown that interventions such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) can help patients learn to live with debilitating conditions when traditional medicine cannot alleviate pain altogether. Although there is a great deal of quantitative research addressing the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), there is a lack of research detailing the psychological mechanisms through which these programs actually work. The current project explored how graduates of an MBSR program discussed changes in their intention to practice mindfulness before, during, and after the course. To understand the foundations of mindfulness-based practices, this paper first describes the fundamental concepts of Buddhist
Submitted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for Departmental Honors in Psychology
, 2014
"... Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) helps people to manage stress reactivity through contemplative practices such as meditation. The creator of the program, Kabat-Zinn (1994), defines mindfulness as “paying attention in a particular way; on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally ” ..."
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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) helps people to manage stress reactivity through contemplative practices such as meditation. The creator of the program, Kabat-Zinn (1994), defines mindfulness as “paying attention in a particular way; on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally ” (p. 4). Shapiro et al. (2006) clarified this definition as consisting of three mechanisms of mindfulness. In particular, their mechanism “intention ” captures Kabat-Zinn’s phrase “on purpose. ” Historically, mindfulness practices were intended to cultivate compassion and insight; thus, practitioners ’ intentions need to be included in a psychological model of mindfulness (Shapiro & Schwartz, 2000). In keeping with their approach, this project explored the concept of intentionality as reported by MBSR practitioners. Participants often begin the course expecting to achieve stress relief, psychological change, or some other concrete outcome (Kabat-Zinn, 1990; Santorelli, 1999). During the course, there is often a shift in their
1Are Metacognition and Mindfulness related concepts?
"... This study was conducted to examine the primary theoretical relation between metacognition and mindfulness. 98 university students participated, the possible influence of their age and number of education years on the concepts were also examined. A short version of the Metacognitive Awareness Invent ..."
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This study was conducted to examine the primary theoretical relation between metacognition and mindfulness. 98 university students participated, the possible influence of their age and number of education years on the concepts were also examined. A short version of the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory along with the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale were employed to measure the concepts. The results indicated that awareness, a central component of mindfulness was significantly related to metacognition. The results suggest that the concepts to some extent are interrelated. Comparisons were made between students above, and below the median of age (22), and education years (1.5); no significant differences in metacognition or mindfulness were found. Neither were age and education years together significantly associated with the concepts.
Does Mindfulness Cultivate Social Connectedness? A Narrative Review on a Novel Modality of Social Emotional Learning
"... The previous decade has witnessed an explosion of mindfulness research in Western psychology. Although most research has been conducted in behavioral medicine and cognitive behavior therapy, only recently have researchers begun investigation into associations between mindfulness and social connected ..."
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The previous decade has witnessed an explosion of mindfulness research in Western psychology. Although most research has been conducted in behavioral medicine and cognitive behavior therapy, only recently have researchers begun investigation into associations between mindfulness and social connectedness. This paper conducted a literature review of fourteen empirical studies on this subject, all with nonclinical population. Findings are: (a) correlational studies demonstrated consistent, moderate positive correlations between mindfulness and connectedness (e.g., relatedness, empathy, compassion); (b) there was also a moderate positive correlation between mindfulness and satisfaction in romantic relationship; (c) interventions modeled after Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1990) demonstrated positive effects on connectedness (e.g., empathy, spirituality, forgiveness); (d) a mindfulness-based intervention for relationship enhancement (MBRE) confirmed its efficacy in relationship functioning and individual well-being; and (e) no intervention research demonstrated the mediating effect of mindfulness on social outcomes. Future directions are discussed in terms of measurement and research design.
