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...myosin Myo2 moves secretory vesicles (193, 261, 503, 505) and various organelles, including vacuoles (80–82, 224, 248), peroxisomes (227), late compartments of the Golgi apparatus (478, 479), nucleus =-=(40, 305, 567, 630)-=-, and, perhaps, mitochondria (251, 252) from the mother cell to the daughter cell. Another type V myosin, Myo4, also uses actin cables to transport specific mRNAs from the mother cell to the daughter ...

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...the SPB is critical for the protein to promote exit from mitosis. First, unlike most other mutants that dis-Discussion rupt SPB function, which arrest in G2 (Geissler et al., 1996; Knop et al., 1997; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-), nud1-The mitotic exit pathway is highly conserved among eukaryotes (Morgan, 1999), yet its role in promoting exit 44 mutants arrest in telophase (Adams and Kilmartin, 1999), indicating that they fa...

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...ic microtubules that originate from the spindle pole bodies (Palmer et al., 1992; Sullivan and Huffaker, 1992) and on a polarized array of actin cables that focus toward the bud (Palmer et al., 1992; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-). It also depends on the unconventional myosin Myo2 (Beach et al., 2000; Yin et al., 2000), the microtubule-binding protein Bim1 (Schwartz et al., 1997; Tirnauer and Bierer, 2000), and Kar9 (Miller a...

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...e, 1998). The Kar9p localization at the bud tip cortex depends on its interaction with the formin Bni1p, the actin-interacting protein Bud6p/Aip3p, and F-actin (Lee et al., 1999; Miller et al., 1999; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-; Lee et al., 2000). Furthermore, the cMT capture by cortical Kar9p requires Bim1p/Yeb1p, a protein of the EB1 family localized at the plus-ends of microtubules (Schwartz et al., 1997; Tirnauer et al....

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...ions between astral microtubules, microtubule-based motor proteins, and cortical determinants, as well as the actin cytoskeleton (Palmer et al., 1992; Carminati and Stearns, 1997; Shaw et al., 1997b; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-; Heil-Chapdelaine et al., 2000). Cytoplasmic astral microtubules in yeast emanate from the spindle pole body (SPB; functionally equivalent to the centrosome in animal cells), which is embedded in the...

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...amics. Thus, at least in the tub2-C354 mutants, the directed-transport mechanism appears responsible for locating the microtubule structure at the bud site, possibly with the help of actin filaments (=-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-; Yin et al., 2000). Defects in spindle position and orientation can be caused by changes in microtubule dynamics (Tirnauer et al., 1999; Kosco et al. 2001). In the tub2-C354 mutants, the spindle was ...

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...esents a common feature of morphogenetic events in a variety of cell types (Goode et al., 2000). Interestingly, actin cables are needed for maintaining yeast spindle orientation (Palmer et al., 1992; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-), and this process requires myosin V (Yin et al., 2000), which can bind to the microtubule-associated protein Kar 9. Thus, the sliding of a myosin along actin filaments may serve to direct microtubul...

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...soriented mitotic spindles (Figure 4B and Supplemental Table S7). Because actin function is required for establishing the correct orientation of the mitotic spindle in the G1 phase of the cell cycle (=-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-), these data could in principle explain both the latrunculin and benomyl sensitivity observed (Figure 3A). Whether these defects relate solely to actin dysfunction or whether tubulin also plays a rol...

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...ded along actin cables to the bud (Beach et al., 2000; Yin et al., 2000; Hwang et al., 2003). This model explains the dependency of spindle orientation on the actin cytoskeleton (Palmer et al., 1992; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-). However, it does not address the issue of how SPB asymmetry is established or the nature of the relationship between Kar9p and Bud6p in MT capture. A more integral model must also incorporate the u...

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... the mitotic spindle aligns with the cell division axis. Orientation is achieved early in the yeast cell cycle in a process requiring Bni1 for the assembly of actin cables and Myo2 (Lee et al., 1999; =-=Theesfeld et al., 1999-=-; Beach et al., 2000; Yin et al., 2000; Evangelista et al., 2002). This orientation involves an interaction between the Myo2 tail and the nuclear orientation receptor Kar9 (Yin et al., 2000), which bi...