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Efficient Sensor Network Reprogramming through Compression of Executable Modules
"... Abstract—Software in deployed sensor networks needs to be updated to introduce new functionality or to fix bugs. Reducing dissemination time is important because the dissemination disturbs the regular operation of the network. We present a method for reducing the dissemination time and energy consum ..."
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Abstract—Software in deployed sensor networks needs to be updated to introduce new functionality or to fix bugs. Reducing dissemination time is important because the dissemination disturbs the regular operation of the network. We present a method for reducing the dissemination time and energy consumption based on compression of native code modules. Code compression reduces the size of the software update, but the decompression on the sensor nodes requires processing time and energy. We quantify these trade-offs for seven different compression algorithms. Our results show that GZIP has the most favorable trade-offs, saving on average 67 % of the dissemination time and 69 % of the energy in a multi-hop wireless sensor network. I.
System level design paradigms: Platform-based design and communication synthesis
- ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst
, 2006
"... Embedded system level design must be based on paradigms that make formal foundations and unification a cornerstone of their construction. Platform-Based designs and communication synthesis are important components of the paradigm shift we advocate. Communication synthesis is a fundamental productivi ..."
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Cited by 10 (3 self)
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Embedded system level design must be based on paradigms that make formal foundations and unification a cornerstone of their construction. Platform-Based designs and communication synthesis are important components of the paradigm shift we advocate. Communication synthesis is a fundamental productivity tool in a design methodology where reuse is enforced. Communication design in a reuse methodology starts with a set of functional requirements and constraints on the interaction among components and then proceeds to build protocols, topology, and physical implementations that satisfy requirements and constraints while optimizing appropriate measures of efficiency of the implementation. Maximum efficiency can be reached when the communication specifications are entered at high levels of abstraction and the design process optimizes the implementation from this specification. Unfortunately, this process is very difficult if it is not cast in a rigorous framework. Platform-Based design helps define a successive refinement process where each step can be carried out automatically and optimized appropriately. We present two cases, an on-chip and a wireless sensor network design, where the resulting methodology gave encouraging results.
A Methodology for Power Consumption Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks
- In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies Factory Automation, (ETFA), Mallorca
, 2009
"... Energy consumption is one of the most constraining re-quirements for the design and implementation of wireless sensor networks. Simulation tools allow one to signifi-cantly decrease the effort and time spent to choose the right solution. Existing simulators provide varying de-grees of analysis for c ..."
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Energy consumption is one of the most constraining re-quirements for the design and implementation of wireless sensor networks. Simulation tools allow one to signifi-cantly decrease the effort and time spent to choose the right solution. Existing simulators provide varying de-grees of analysis for communication, application and en-ergy domains. However, they do not provide enough flex-ibility to estimate the consumed power for a wide range of wireless sensor network (WSN) hardware (HW) plat-forms. In this paper we present a flexible and extensible simulation framework to estimate power consumption of sensor network applications for arbitrary HW platforms. This framework allows designers of sensor networks to es-timate power consumption of the explored HW platform which permits the selection of an optimal HW solution and software (SW) implementation for the desired projects. 1
Time synchronization for predictable and secure data collection in wireless sensor networks
- In The Sixth Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking WorkShop
, 2007
"... Abstract — Wireless sensor networks are trying to find their way from relatively undemanding applications such as environmental monitoring to applications such as industrial control, which have stronger requirements in terms of security and predictability. Predictability cannot be achieved without c ..."
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Abstract — Wireless sensor networks are trying to find their way from relatively undemanding applications such as environmental monitoring to applications such as industrial control, which have stronger requirements in terms of security and predictability. Predictability cannot be achieved without coordination and the coordination of distributed entities and events requires time synchronization. Towards this end, we present a secure time synchronization service, that as our experimental results show does not degrade time synchronization accuracy. Based on the time synchronization service we implement time slotted data collection and present results that show that this way we can provide a predictable data collection service. I.
Simplifying Design of Wireless Sensor Networks with Programming Languages, Compilers, and Synthesis
, 2011
"... I am heartily thankful to my advisor, Robert Dick, for his guidance and support throughout my Ph.D. He sparked my interests in wireless sensor networks and provided valuable advice in the course of this dissertation. He taught me not only by his words but by his personal example how to become an exc ..."
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I am heartily thankful to my advisor, Robert Dick, for his guidance and support throughout my Ph.D. He sparked my interests in wireless sensor networks and provided valuable advice in the course of this dissertation. He taught me not only by his words but by his personal example how to become an excellent researcher. I would like to thank Peter Dinda, Lawrence Henschen, and Pai Chou for numerous deep and enlightening discussions. We have closely collaborated on most of the work presented in this dissertation. They have pointed me to insightful references and raised stimulating questions from various perspectives. Pai Chou’s group provided the sensor fault measurements used in Chapter VI. I am grateful to other students on our team, David Bild, Scott Miller, Timothy Zwiebel, and Jaime Espinosa, for being the sounding boards for my ideas. I thank Scott Miller for sharing his pool of user study participants. My thanks must also go to Charles Dowding, Mat Kotowsky, Carl Ebeling, and Michael Hannigan for providing many useful comments from the perspective of application experts. I would like to thank them for sharing their experience and being my first test subjects to evaluate my designs and tools.
Automated Construction of Fast and Accurate System-Level Models For Wireless Sensor Networks
"... Abstract—Rapidly and accurately estimating the impact of design decisions on performance metrics is critical to both the manual and automated design of wireless sensor networks. Estimating system-level performance metrics such as lifetime, data loss rate, and network connectivity is particularly cha ..."
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Abstract—Rapidly and accurately estimating the impact of design decisions on performance metrics is critical to both the manual and automated design of wireless sensor networks. Estimating system-level performance metrics such as lifetime, data loss rate, and network connectivity is particularly challenging because they depend on many factors, including network design and structure, hardware characteristics, communication protocols, and node reliability. This paper describes a new method for automatically building efficient and accurate predictive models for a wide range of system-level performance metrics. These models can be used to eliminate or reduce the need for simulation during design space exploration. We evaluate our method by building a model for the lifetime of networks containing up to 120 nodes, considering both fault processes and battery energy depletion. With our adaptive sampling technique, only 0.27 % of the potential solutions are evaluated via simulation. Notably, one such automatically produced model outperforms the most advanced manually designed analytical model, reducing error by 13 % while maintaining very low model evaluation overhead. We also propose a new, more general definition of system lifetime that accurately captures application requirements and decouples the specification of requirements from implementation decisions. I.
Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
, 2007
"... The design of operating system for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deviates from traditional operating system design due to significant and specific characteristics like constrained resources, high dynamics and inaccessible deployment. We provide a classification framework that surveys the state of th ..."
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The design of operating system for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deviates from traditional operating system design due to significant and specific characteristics like constrained resources, high dynamics and inaccessible deployment. We provide a classification framework that surveys the state of the art in WSN operating systems (OS). The purpose of this survey is two-fold one is to classify existing operating systems according to important OS features and and the other is to suggest suitable OSs for different categories of WSN applications mapping the application requirements and OS features. Architecture, Execution Model, Reprogramming, Scheduling and Power Management are the important OS features that are chosen to classify the existing WSN operating systems. The classification helps in understanding the contrasting differences of existing operating systems and lays the foundation for designing an ideal operating system. To help the application developer in choosing the right OS, based on the application requirement, we also classified existing WSN applications. This classification gives insight in choosing the best suitable operating systems that fits for a category of application. 1
Northwestern University Northwestern University
"... Sensor networks have the potential to empower domain experts from a wide range of fields. However, presently they are notoriously difficult for these domain experts to program, even though their applications are often conceptually simple. We address this problem by applying the BASIC programming lan ..."
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Sensor networks have the potential to empower domain experts from a wide range of fields. However, presently they are notoriously difficult for these domain experts to program, even though their applications are often conceptually simple. We address this problem by applying the BASIC programming language to sensor networks and evaluating its effectiveness. BASIC has proven highly successful in the past in allowing novices to write useful programs on home computers. Our contributions include a user study evaluating how well novice (no programming experience) and intermediate (some programming experience) users can accomplish simple sensor network tasks in BASIC and in TinyScript (a principally event-driven high-level language for node-oriented programming) and an evaluation of power consumption issues in BASIC. 45–55 % of novice users can complete simple tasks in BASIC, while only 0–17 % can do so in TinyScript. In both languages, users generally are most successful using imperative loop-oriented programming. The use of an interpreter, such as our BASIC implementation, has little impact on the power consumption of applications in which computational demands are low. Further, when in final form, BASIC can be compiled to reduce power consumption even further.
A Configurable TLM of Wireless Sensor Networks for Fast Exploration of System Communication Performance
"... Abstract. Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) is seen as an efficient Embedded System modeling technique to reduce the simulation time in large and complex designs. This is achieved by abstracting away pin- and cycle- accurate details from communication transactions, which reduces the number of events ..."
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Abstract. Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) is seen as an efficient Embedded System modeling technique to reduce the simulation time in large and complex designs. This is achieved by abstracting away pin- and cycle- accurate details from communication transactions, which reduces the number of events that need to be simulated. In this paper, we apply TLM principles to communication modeling in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Modeling and simulating wireless communication is critical in exploration and optimization of WSNs as it enables evaluation of system design choices early in the design process. Unlike on-chip bus modeling, wireless communication modeling is broadcastbased and unreliable, which requires distributed medium access arbitration and timeout/retransmission capabilities. We present two TLMs of TDMA and CSMA/CA protocols. Our models are scalable to large networks and flexible in parameters and protocol configuration. Our experiments demonstrate insights to how adjusting protocol parameters in various network configurations affects the overall WSN performance. 1
Automated Construction of Fast and Accurate System-Level Models For Wireless Sensor Networks
"... Abstract—Rapidly and accurately estimating the impact of design decisions on performance metrics is critical to both the manual and automated design of wireless sensor networks. Estimating system-level performance metrics such as lifetime, data loss rate, and network connectivity is particularly cha ..."
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Abstract—Rapidly and accurately estimating the impact of design decisions on performance metrics is critical to both the manual and automated design of wireless sensor networks. Estimating system-level performance metrics such as lifetime, data loss rate, and network connectivity is particularly challenging because they depend on many factors, including network design and structure, hardware characteristics, communication protocols, and node reliability. This paper describes a new method for automatically building efficient and accurate predictive models for a wide range of system-level performance metrics. These models can be used to eliminate or reduce the need for simulation during design space exploration. We evaluate our method by building a model for the lifetime of networks containing up to 120 nodes, considering both fault processes and battery energy depletion. With our adaptive sampling technique, only 0.27 % of the potential solutions are evaluated via simulation. Notably, one such automatically produced model outperforms the most advanced manually designed analytical model, reducing error by 13 % while maintaining very low model evaluation overhead. We also propose a new, more general definition of system lifetime that accurately captures application requirements and decouples the specification of requirements from implementation decisions. I.
