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The Voodoo Doll Task: Introducing and Validating a Novel Method for Studying Aggressive Inclinations
"... Aggression pervades modern life. To understand the root causes of aggression, researchers have developed several methods to assess aggressive inclinations. The current article introduces a new behavioral method—the voodoo doll task (VDT)—that offers a reliable and valid trait and state measure of ag ..."
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Aggression pervades modern life. To understand the root causes of aggression, researchers have developed several methods to assess aggressive inclinations. The current article introduces a new behavioral method—the voodoo doll task (VDT)—that offers a reliable and valid trait and state measure of aggressive inclinations across settings and relationship contexts. Drawing on theory and research on the law of similarity and magical beliefs (Rozin, Millman, & Nemeroff [1986], Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 703712), we propose that people transfer characteristics of a person onto a voodoo doll representing that person. As a result, causing harm to a voodoo doll by stabbing it with pins may have important psychological similarities to causing actual harm to the person the voodoo doll represents. Nine methodologically diverse studies (total N 1,376) showed that the VDT had strong reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity. Discussion centers on the importance of magical beliefs in understanding the causes of aggressive inclinations. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reappraisal and Aggressive Affect/Behavior Regulation
"... The method by which individuals control aggressive inclina-tions is important in today’s society. A small but growing research literature shows that reappraisal can improve emo-tional reactions to provocations (e.g., Mauss, Cook, & Gross, 2007). However, there is little research testing whether ..."
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The method by which individuals control aggressive inclina-tions is important in today’s society. A small but growing research literature shows that reappraisal can improve emo-tional reactions to provocations (e.g., Mauss, Cook, & Gross, 2007). However, there is little research testing whether reap-praisal reduces aggressive behavior and, if so, how. Numer-ous theoretical models of aggression include processes that might be used to reappraise an initial understanding of a situ-ation or of one’s current affective state (e.g., general aggres-sion model; Anderson & Bushman, 2002). The current article further develops these theoretical links between reappraisal and aggression and tests hypothesized links among reap-praisal processes, vengeance motivation, and aggression.
Article
"... The method by which individuals control aggressive inclina-tions is important in today’s society. A small but growing research literature shows that reappraisal can improve emo-tional reactions to provocations (e.g., Mauss, Cook, & Gross, 2007). However, there is little research testing whether ..."
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The method by which individuals control aggressive inclina-tions is important in today’s society. A small but growing research literature shows that reappraisal can improve emo-tional reactions to provocations (e.g., Mauss, Cook, & Gross, 2007). However, there is little research testing whether reap-praisal reduces aggressive behavior and, if so, how. Numer-ous theoretical models of aggression include processes that might be used to reappraise an initial understanding of a situ-ation or of one’s current affective state (e.g., general aggres-sion model; Anderson & Bushman, 2002). The current article further develops these theoretical links between reappraisal and aggression and tests hypothesized links among reap-praisal processes, vengeance motivation, and aggression. Reappraisal and Aggressive Affect/Behavior Regulation Emotion theorists define reappraisal as cognitively altering a negative situation to decrease its emotional impact (termed cognitive reappraisal; Gross, 1998). Attribution (Anderson, Krull, & Weiner, 1996) and aggression theorists (Anderson & Bushman, 2002) define reappraisal as a process by which individuals seek more information to clarify their feelings and the current situation, often with a bias toward a particu-lar outcome that satisfies certain goals such as affect regula-tion, self-esteem enhancement, or public image maintenance.1 A rich literature shows that emotional and attributional reap-praisal can lower anger (e.g., Mauss, Cook, Cheng, & Gross,
THE IMPACT OF FRIENDSHIP CLOSENESS AND HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY ON GROUP PERPETRATED ANTIGAY AGGRESSION
"... This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Psychology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, ple ..."
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This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Psychology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact
Responding to Social Signals for Response Inhibition: A Psychological Process Underlying Trait Anger
"... Angry facial expressions are thought to serve as signals of social correction, indicating that one person disapproves of another’s behavior and wants them to desist. If individuals respond to such signals by inhibiting disapproved-of behaviors, they should effec-tively reduce the prevalence of angry ..."
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Angry facial expressions are thought to serve as signals of social correction, indicating that one person disapproves of another’s behavior and wants them to desist. If individuals respond to such signals by inhibiting disapproved-of behaviors, they should effec-tively reduce the prevalence of angry and aggressive encounters in their lives. Two studies tested this idea by incorporating angry and neutral expressions within a task which measures behavioral-inhibition processes. Consistent with predictions, trait anger was related to response-inhibition processes for angry but not neutral expressions; such that low trait anger individuals exhibited faster response-inhibition processes in the angry context. This effect occurred when participants were explicitly instructed to inhibit behavior in response to facial expressions (Study 1) and when expressions were presented incidentally (Study 2). The find-ings could not be explained in terms of more general tendencies toward aggression or impulsivity or through perceptual processes. Keywords anger, aggression, inhibition, facial expressions Imagine that after you make a suggestion to another person, their facial expression immediately turns angry. Do you with-draw your suggestion or continue advocating for it with full determination? In his social response reversal theory, Blair (2003, 2004) argues that this situation reflects an important psychological process underlying individual differences in anger and aggression. According to this theory, angry expres-sions serve as a signal of social correction, indicating that one person disapproves of another’s behavior and wants them to desist (cf. Fridlund, 1994). If an individual inhibits their beha-vior in response to such signals, they can preemptively stop the escalation of anger and aggression. By contrast, individuals who are not responsive to these signals may allow minor dis-agreements to spiral into angry and aggressive conflicts. The purpose of the current investigations is to test a prediction from this theory, namely that trait anger would be related to the speed of response-inhibition processes for angry expressions.
Environments for Neuroscience and
, 2009
"... doi: 10.3389/neuro.08.059.2009 The use of virtual reality in the study of people’s responses to violent incidents ..."
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doi: 10.3389/neuro.08.059.2009 The use of virtual reality in the study of people’s responses to violent incidents
Corresponding author:
, 2012
"... Flies on the wall are less aggressive: Self-distancing “in the heat of the ..."
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Flies on the wall are less aggressive: Self-distancing “in the heat of the
Original Article Sex Differences in Same-Sex Direct Aggression and Sociosexuality: The Role
"... Abstract: Sex differences in same-sex direct aggression and sociosexuality are among the most robust in the literature. The present article evaluated the hypothesis that both can be explained by a sex difference in the willingness to take impulsive risks. Self-report data were gathered from 3,775 re ..."
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Abstract: Sex differences in same-sex direct aggression and sociosexuality are among the most robust in the literature. The present article evaluated the hypothesis that both can be explained by a sex difference in the willingness to take impulsive risks. Self-report data were gathered from 3,775 respondents (1,514 female) on same-sex aggression, sociosexuality, and risky impulsivity. Risky impulsivity was higher for men than for women (d =.34) and path analysis showed it to be a common cause of same-sex aggression and sociosexuality for both sexes. However, it did not completely mediate the sex differences in same-sex aggression and sociosexuality. The results suggest that same-sex aggression and sociosexual behavior share a common psychological mechanism, but that fully explaining sex differences in aggression requires a more sensitive assay of impulsive risk and a consideration of dyadic processes.
Voodoo Doll Task 1 Aggressive Behavior (in press) The Voodoo Doll Task: Introducing and Validating a Novel Method for Studying Aggressive Inclinations
"... Aggression pervades modern life. To understand the root causes of aggression, researchers have developed several methods to assess aggressive inclinations. The current article introduces a new behavioral method—the voodoo doll task (VDT)—that offers a reliable and valid trait and state measure of ag ..."
Abstract
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Aggression pervades modern life. To understand the root causes of aggression, researchers have developed several methods to assess aggressive inclinations. The current article introduces a new behavioral method—the voodoo doll task (VDT)—that offers a reliable and valid trait and state measure of aggressive inclinations across settings and relationship contexts. Drawing on theory and research on the law of similarity and magical beliefs (Rozin, Millman, & Nemeroff, 1986), we propose that people transfer characteristics of a person onto a voodoo doll representing that person. As a result, causing harm to a voodoo doll by stabbing it with pins may have important psychological similarities to causing actual harm to the person the voodoo doll represents. Nine methodologically diverse studies (total N = 1,376) showed that the VDT had strong reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity. Discussion centers on the importance of magical beliefs in understanding the causes of aggressive inclinations.
BRIEF REPORT Depression Is Associated With the Escalation of Adolescents ’ Dysphoric Behavior During Interactions With Parents
"... Though much is known about the stable mood patterns that characterize depressive disorder, less attention has been directed to identifying and understanding the temporal dynamics of emotions. In the present study, we examined how depression affects the trajectory of dysphoric and angry adolescent em ..."
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Though much is known about the stable mood patterns that characterize depressive disorder, less attention has been directed to identifying and understanding the temporal dynamics of emotions. In the present study, we examined how depression affects the trajectory of dysphoric and angry adolescent emotional behavior during adolescent-parent interactions. Adolescents (72 depressed; 69 nondepressed) engaged in video recorded positive and negative interactions with their parents. Depressed adolescents showed a linear increase in dysphoric behaviors throughout the negative interactions, while the incidence of these behaviors remained relatively stable across the interactions among nondepressed adolescents. A similar linear increase was not found in angry behavior. These findings show that depression in adolescence is associated with greater escalation of dysphoria during conflictual interactions between adolescents and their parents.
