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Age differences in genetic and environmental influences for health from the Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging
- Journals of Gerontology
, 1992
"... This cross-sectional study explored the etiology of variability in self-reported health. The sample comprises adult twins participating in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and includes identical (MZ) and fraternal (DZ) twin pairs who have been reared together or reared apart. Two different c ..."
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Cited by 12 (4 self)
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This cross-sectional study explored the etiology of variability in self-reported health. The sample comprises adult twins participating in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and includes identical (MZ) and fraternal (DZ) twin pairs who have been reared together or reared apart. Two different components of overall health status are analyzed: an index of chronic health problems and self-rated health. Height and weight were included to assess the representativeness of the twin data. Individual differences increased across age for both measures of health, and there were significant age differences in the genetic and environmental etiologies of this variation. Genetic variance showed a twofold increase for chronic illness up until age 70. Environmental influences during adulthood appear important later in life. For self-rated health, genetic effects were important in the older age groups; however, the increase in total variation is predominately due to unique environmental influences. INDIVIDUAL differences in behavioral and biologicalmeasures are substantial and persist throughout life, ac-cording to several studies on aging (Palmore, 1970, 1974; Thomae, 1976). Contrary to traditional views, which hold that declines in physical functioning and health are universal in the later part of the life span, individual differences are pronounced (Bell, Rose, & Damon, 1966; Palmore, 1970,
Predictors of Physical Health: Toward an Integrated Model of Genetic and Environmental Antecedents
"... People in higher-income groups tend to experience better physical health, yet this does not appear to be the direct result of access to medical care. This has prompted a search for psychological factors more likely to be present in high-income environments that might help to explain the relationship ..."
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Cited by 8 (0 self)
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People in higher-income groups tend to experience better physical health, yet this does not appear to be the direct result of access to medical care. This has prompted a search for psychological factors more likely to be present in high-income environments that might help to explain the relationship. Physical health has been associated with a number of such psychological measures including positive affect and well-being, negative affect and neuroticism, positive social relationships, and perceived control. Building from recent findings of moderation of genetic variance in physical health by income and perceived control, we explore the genetic and environmental relationships among all these variables in a nationwide U.S. twin sample. These relationships suggest possible mechanisms by which psychological characteristics, behaviors, physical health, and environmental circumstances could be influenced by common groups of genes with varying degrees of activity in different environments. We discuss the implications of such mechanisms for differential expression of genetic variation in the population and suggest ways in which consideration of such effects can inform gerontology research. THE WELL-ESTABLISHED (Adler & Snibbe, 2003) differences in physical health and mortality associated with markers of social class, including income, education, and occupation, raise clear issues for gerontologic research as well as social and political issues for the aging populations that are
By
, 1998
"... With the growing use of teams in organizations and schools there is a need to better understand the individual differences of employees that might potentially increase performance and improve attitudes. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of locus of control, which was the individual ..."
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With the growing use of teams in organizations and schools there is a need to better understand the individual differences of employees that might potentially increase performance and improve attitudes. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of locus of control, which was the individual difference of interest in this study, and incentives on team performance and job satisfaction. The independent variables were locus of control and performance-based incentives. The dependent variables were team performance and team job satisfaction. Decision-quality as measured by the NASA Moon Survival Problem provided an objective assessment of team performance. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction. Team structure was based on locus of control which was measured by the Rotter I-E Scale. University students comprised the research sample of 115 teams. The unit of measurement was the small group or team. Participating class sections were randomly assigned to the treatment which was a performance-
evidence of personality sorting in educational choice
"... Locus of control and study program choice: ..."
