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Action-effect negativity: Irrelevant action effects are monitored like relevant feedback
- BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
, 2009
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, 2012
"... doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00065 An electrophysiological signal that precisely tracks the emergence of error awareness ..."
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doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00065 An electrophysiological signal that precisely tracks the emergence of error awareness
On the number of trials necessary for stabilization of error-related brain activity across the life span
- Psychophysiology
, 2010
"... The minimum number of trials necessary to accurately characterize the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) across the life span was investigated using samples of preadolescent children, college-age young adults, and older adults. Event-related potentials and task performancew ..."
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The minimum number of trials necessary to accurately characterize the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) across the life span was investigated using samples of preadolescent children, college-age young adults, and older adults. Event-related potentials and task performancewere subsequentlymeasured during amodified flanker task. Response-locked averages were created using sequentially increasing errors of commission in blocks of two. Findings indicated that across all age cohorts ERN and Pe were not significantly different relative to the within-participants grand average after six trials. Further, results indicated that the ERN and Pe exhibited excellent internal reliability in preadolescent children and young adults after six trials, but older adults required eight trials to reach similar reliability. These data indicate that the ERN and Pe may be accurately quantified with as few as six to eight commission error trials across the life span. Descriptors: Cognition, Children, Normal Volunteers, Aged, EEG/ERP With a growing number of investigations assessing neuroelectric concomitants of error-related brain activity, it is increasingly necessary to quantify the number of trials needed to obtain stable and reliable event-related potential (ERP) components. During
S: Processing expectancy violations during music performance and perception: an ERP study
- J Cogn Neurosci
"... ■ Musicians are highly trained motor experts with pronounced associations between musical actions and the corresponding auditory effects. However, the importance of auditory feedback for music performance is controversial, and it is unknown how feedback during music performance is processed. The pre ..."
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■ Musicians are highly trained motor experts with pronounced associations between musical actions and the corresponding auditory effects. However, the importance of auditory feedback for music performance is controversial, and it is unknown how feedback during music performance is processed. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the process-ing of auditory feedback manipulations in pianists. To disentangle effects of action-based and perception-based expectations, we compared feedback manipulations during performance to the mere perception of the same stimulus material. In two experi-ments, pianists performedbimanually sequences on a piano,while at random positions, the auditory feedback of single notes was manipulated, thereby creating a mismatch between an expected and actually perceived action effect (action condition). In addition, pianists listened to tone sequences containing the same ma-nipulations (perception condition). The manipulations in the perception condition were either task-relevant (Experiment 1) or task-irrelevant (Experiment 2). In action and perception condi-tions, event-related potentials elicited by manipulated tones showed an early fronto-central negativity around 200 msec, pre-sumably reflecting a feedback ERN/N200, followed by a positive deflection (P3a). The early negativity was more pronounced dur-ing the action compared to the perception condition. This shows that during performance, the intention to produce specific audi-tory effects leads to stronger expectancies than the expectancies built up during music perception. ■
General-purpose monitoring during speech production
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23:1419–36. [F-XA] Rizzolatti
, 2011
"... ■ The concept of “monitoring ” refers to our ability to control our actions on-line. Monitoring involved in speech production is often described in psycholinguistic models as an inherent part of the language system. We probed the specificity of speech monitoring in two psycholinguistic experiments w ..."
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■ The concept of “monitoring ” refers to our ability to control our actions on-line. Monitoring involved in speech production is often described in psycholinguistic models as an inherent part of the language system. We probed the specificity of speech monitoring in two psycholinguistic experiments where electro-encephalographic activities were recorded. Our focus was on a component previously reported in nonlinguistic manual tasks and interpreted as a marker of monitoring processes. The error negativity (Ne, or error-related negativity), thought to originate in medial frontal areas, peaks shortly after erroneous responses. A component of seemingly comparable properties has been reported, after errors, in tasks requiring access to linguistic knowl-edge (e.g., speech production), compatible with a generic error-detection process. However, in contrast to its original name, advanced processing methods later revealed that this component is also present after correct responses in visuomotor tasks. Here, we reported the observation of the same negativity after cor-rect responses across output modalities (manual and vocal re-sponses). This indicates that, in language production too, the Ne reflects on-line response monitoring rather than error de-tection specifically. Furthermore, the temporal properties of the Ne suggest that this monitoring mechanism is engaged before any auditory feedback. The convergence of our findings with those obtained with nonlinguistic tasks suggests that at least part of the monitoring involved in speech production is subtended by a general-purpose mechanism. ■
Medial frontal cortex function: An introduction and overview
"... The growing attention being given to medial frontal cortex (MFC) in cognitive neuroscience studies has fostered a number of theoretical and paradigmatic perspectives that diverge in important ways. This has led to a great deal of research fractionation, with investigators studying domains and issues ..."
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The growing attention being given to medial frontal cortex (MFC) in cognitive neuroscience studies has fostered a number of theoretical and paradigmatic perspectives that diverge in important ways. This has led to a great deal of research fractionation, with investigators studying domains and issues in MFC function that sometimes bear (at least at the surface) little relation to the questions addressed by others studying the same brain region. The present issue of Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience presents articles inspired by a conference bringing together views from across this diversity of research, highlighting both the richness and vibrancy of the field and the challenges to be faced in terms of integration, synthesis, and precision among the theoretical accounts. The present article presents a brief introduction, overview, and road map to the field and to the special issue devoted to MFC function. May you live in interesting times. The quotation above is attributed to an ancient Chinese proverb that can either be used as a curse or a blessing. 1 Indeed, both senses seem to apply well to the explosion of research conducted on medial frontal cortex (MFC) function in the last decade. Investigators studying these issues (such as ourselves) can certainly be gratified by the growing database of findings and the growing sophistication of theoretical models being put forward. Nevertheless, the downside of this embarrassment of riches in data, phenomena, and theory is that it has become harder and harder to integrate and synthesize the literature. Moreover, the growing attention being given to MFC in cognitive neuroscience studies has led to a great deal of research fractionation, with many investigators studying domains and issues in MFC function that seem to bear (at least at the surface) little relation to the questions addressed by other researchers studying the same brain region. It is the assessment of this state of affairs that started the chain of events that led to this special issue of
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, 2012
"... Error awareness and the error-related negativity: evaluating ..."
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Error awareness and the error-related negativity: evaluating
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, 2011
"... doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00219 Error-related activity and correlates of grammatical plasticity ..."
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doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00219 Error-related activity and correlates of grammatical plasticity
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: THE RESPONSE-MONITORING MECHANISM: INFLUENCE OF FEEDBACK AND TEMPERAMENT
"... The purpose of the current study was to examine behavioral and physiological processes underlying response-monitoring and to document the manner in which these processes are expressed during early childhood. As well, this study examined two factors important in understanding individual differences i ..."
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The purpose of the current study was to examine behavioral and physiological processes underlying response-monitoring and to document the manner in which these processes are expressed during early childhood. As well, this study examined two factors important in understanding individual differences in monitoring: performance feedback and temperament. A total of seventy-four children (mean age 7.5 years) were tested using a modified flanker paradigm administered in both no-feedback and feedback conditions. Accuracy and reaction time measures of behavioral performance were assessed as well as event-related potentials linked to response execution and feedback presentation. Data were also examined in relation to the temperamental dimensions of shyness and inhibitory control. The results indicate a strong impact of trial-by-trial feedback on both behavioral and physiological measures. Overall, feedback served to increase children’s task engagement as evidenced by fewer errors of omission and faster reaction times. Similarly, the physiological measures also varied as a function of feedback such that the error-related Positivity (Pe) and the feedback-related negativity (FRN) were more
SPECIAL SECTION The Skillful Body as a Concernful System of Possible Actions Phenomena and
"... ABSTRACT. For Merleau-Ponty, consciousness in skillful coping is a matter of prereflective ‘I can ’ and not explicit ‘I think that. ’ The body unifies many domain-specific capacities. There exists a direct link between the perceived possibilities for action in the situation (‘affordances’) and the o ..."
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ABSTRACT. For Merleau-Ponty, consciousness in skillful coping is a matter of prereflective ‘I can ’ and not explicit ‘I think that. ’ The body unifies many domain-specific capacities. There exists a direct link between the perceived possibilities for action in the situation (‘affordances’) and the organism’s capacities. From Merleau-Ponty’s descriptions it is clear that in a flow of skillful actions, the leading ‘I can ’ may change from moment to moment without explicit deliberation. How these transitions occur, however, is less clear. Given that Merleau-Ponty suggested that a better understanding of the self-organization of brain and behavior is important, I will re-read his descriptions of skillful coping in the light of recent ideas on neurodynamics. Affective processes play a crucial role in evaluating the motivational signif-icance of objects and contribute to the individual’s prereflective responsive-ness to relevant affordances. KEY WORDS: affordances, cognitive neuroscience, emotions, expertise, Merleau-Ponty, nonlinear dynamic systems theory, performance monitor-
