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...s [75, 131, 117]. Importantly, cultures4.4 Adaptation, Learning, and Training 229 appears to influence both long-term and short-term adaptation, at least as far as accepting interactions with a robot =-=[18, 94, 127, 150, 270, 306]-=-. Training Designers. Importantly, an often overlooked area is the training of HRI researchers and designers in the procedures and practices of those whom they seek to help. Important examples of trai...

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...os are conducted [18], where human responses and opinions can be collected using a variety of methods. A number of previous live HRI trials with human scaled PeopleBot TM robots have been carried out =-=[6, 17, 19, 20]-=-. Other researchers have also investigated similar HRI trials with human sized robots including Dario et al. [4], Severinson-Eklundh et al. [16], Kanda et al. [9] and Hinds et al. [8]. Once the desire...

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...re is no contribution that tackles globally the problem that we consider in this paper. III. HUMAN AWARE NAVIGATION PLANNING User studies on robot motion and approach direction with respect to humans =-=[21]-=- [5] provided us a number of properties and non-written rules/protocols [15] of human-robot or human-human interactions. Only very limited works consider such properties and often in an ad hoc manner....

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...held constant, and is designed to keep the robot just outside of one’s personal space. As several studies have found, the appropriate distance may vary according to an individual’s personality traits =-=[21, 6]-=-. We have not tested the personfollowing with different distances at this time. The two person-following methods differ in how they select the robot’s direction of travel. These differences, as well a...

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...nding on information about and feedback from users and the robots own autonomous learning system. For example, adjustments of social distances according to a user’s personality traits (as proposed in =-=[25]-=-) is a promising direction towards a true robot companion that needs to be individualized, personalized and adapt itself to the user [26]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks go to Ben Robins, Alexander Klyubin, ...

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...ed from observation of American and European subjects. Specific distance between interactors actually varies by culture, gender, status, age, familiarity, relationship, pose, etc. [6]. Walters et al. =-=[7]-=-, [8] have found that these distances are generally applicable to human-robot interaction as well. Scheflen [9] proposes micro-territories called “spots,” “cubits,” “k-spaces,” “locations,” and “modul...

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...r robots to exhibit in order to integrate into normal domestic situations [3]. In order to study human-robot relationships, we have previously run HRI trials using carefully devised test scenarios [4]=-=[5]-=-[6], where human responses and opinions can be collected using a variety of methods. Other researchers The work described in this paper was conducted within the EU Integrated Project COGNIRON ("The Co...

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...ps [18]. Furthermore, the size of personal space can change based on walking speed as well as other factors [19]. Some attempts have been made to measure the robotic equivalent of personal space [5], =-=[20]-=-. In general, people tend to keep a similar space around the robot as if it were human, so the constraint to our planner should also respect human-like tendencies. The personal space constraint can be...

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...on [21]—offer competing predictions on how individuals respond to attempts by others to change distancing. While a small number of studies in human-robot interaction have explored physical distancing =-=[22,24]-=-, we lack a comprehensive model of how people distance themselves from robots and the role of verbal and nonverbal cues in this process. In this paper, we 331investigate which of the four prominent m...