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A Survey of Socially Interactive Robots
, 2002
"... This paper reviews "socially interactive robots": robots for which social human-robot interaction is important. We begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the di#erent forms of "social robots". We ..."
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Cited by 305 (26 self)
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This paper reviews "socially interactive robots": robots for which social human-robot interaction is important. We begin by discussing the context for socially interactive robots, emphasizing the relationship to other research fields and the di#erent forms of "social robots". We then present a taxonomy of design methods and system components used to build socially interactive robots. Finally, we describe the impact of these these robots on humans and discuss open issues. An expanded version of this paper, which contains a survey and taxonomy of current applications, is available as a technical report[61].
Moonlight in miami: A field study of humanrobot interaction in the context of an urban search and rescue disaster response training exercise. Human-Computer Interaction 19:85–116
, 2004
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How may I serve you? A robot companion approaching a seated person in a helping context
- In Proc. of the ACM International Conference on Human Robot Interaction HRI 06
"... This paper presents the combined results of two studies that investigated how a robot should best approach and place itself relative to a seated human subject. Two live Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials were performed involving a robot fetching an object that the human had requested, using differ ..."
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Cited by 60 (9 self)
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This paper presents the combined results of two studies that investigated how a robot should best approach and place itself relative to a seated human subject. Two live Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials were performed involving a robot fetching an object that the human had requested, using different approach directions. Results of the trials indicated that most subjects disliked a frontal approach, except for a small minority of females, and most subjects preferred to be approached from either the left or right side, with a small overall preference for a right approach by the robot. Handedness and occupation were not related to these preferences. We discuss the results of the user studies in the context of developing a path planning system for a mobile robot.
The influence of subjects’ personality traits on personal spatial zones in a human-robot interaction experiment
- in Proceedings of IEEE
, 2005
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Cited by 33 (5 self)
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Close encounters: Spatial distances between people and a robot of mechanistic appearance
- in Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
, 2005
"... Abstract- This paper presents the results from two empirical exploratory studies of human-robot interaction in the context of an initial encounter with a robot of mechanistic appearance. The first study was carried out with groups of children, and the second with single adults. The analysis concentr ..."
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Cited by 32 (11 self)
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Abstract- This paper presents the results from two empirical exploratory studies of human-robot interaction in the context of an initial encounter with a robot of mechanistic appearance. The first study was carried out with groups of children, and the second with single adults. The analysis concentrates on the personal space zones and initial distances between robot and humans, the context of the encounters and the human’s perception of the robot as a social being. We discuss the results of these observations and analyses, and also compare the child and adult data. The child groups showed a dominant response to prefer the ‘social zone ’ distance, comparable to distances people adopt when talking to other humans. From the single adult studies a small majority preferred the ‘personal zone’, reserved for talking to friends. However, significant minorities deviate from this pattern. Implications for future work are discussed.
The design space of robots: Investigating children’s views
, 2004
"... Our study considers children’s perceptions of robots in terms of physical attributes, personality and emotion traits. To examine children’s attitudes towards robots, a questionnaire approach was taken with a large sample of children, followed by a detailed statistical framework to analyse the data. ..."
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Cited by 31 (14 self)
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Our study considers children’s perceptions of robots in terms of physical attributes, personality and emotion traits. To examine children’s attitudes towards robots, a questionnaire approach was taken with a large sample of children, followed by a detailed statistical framework to analyse the data. Results show that children clearly distinguish between emotions and behaviour when judging robots. The distinguishing robotic physical characteristics for positive and negative emotions and behaviour are highlighted. Children judge human-like robots as aggressive, but human-machine robots as friendly providing support for the Uncanny Valley. The paper concludes with discussing the results in light of design implications for children’s robots. 1
Toward socially assistive robotics for augmenting interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders
- In Intl. Symposium on Experimental Robotics
, 2008
"... Summary. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have communication deficits and difficulties with social interaction. A lack of social behavior can hamper therapeutic interventions and can diminish the ability to learn social skills. Robots have been shown to provoke proactive social behavior ..."
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Cited by 27 (8 self)
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Summary. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have communication deficits and difficulties with social interaction. A lack of social behavior can hamper therapeutic interventions and can diminish the ability to learn social skills. Robots have been shown to provoke proactive social behavior in children with ASD. We are developing robot systems capable of acting as catalysts for social behavior in the context of ASD therapy. We present an experiment design for evaluating the effects of a socially assistive robot in a therapeutic setting and results of a pilot experiment with children with ASD interacting with such a robot. 1
Methodological issues in hri: A comparison of live and video-based methods in robot to human approach direction trials
- In Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication
, 2006
"... Abstract-The main aim of this study was to confirm the findings from previous pilot studies that results obtained from the same Human Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios in trials using both video-based and live methodologies were comparable. We investigated how a robot should approach human subjects ..."
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Cited by 26 (10 self)
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Abstract-The main aim of this study was to confirm the findings from previous pilot studies that results obtained from the same Human Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios in trials using both video-based and live methodologies were comparable. We investigated how a robot should approach human subjects in various scenarios relevant to the robot fetching an object for the subject. These scenarios include a human subject sitting in an open space, sitting at a table, standing in an open space and standing against a wall. The subjects experienced the robot approaching from various directions for each of these contexts in HRI trials that were both live and video-based. There was a high degree of agreement between the results obtained from both the live and video based trials using the same scenarios. The main findings from both types of trial methodology were: Humans strongly did not like a direct frontal approach by a robot, especially while sitting (even at a table) or while standing with their back to a wall. An approach from the front left or front right was preferred. When standing in an open space a frontal approach was more acceptable and although a rear approach was not usually most preferred, it was generally acceptable to subjects if physically more convenient.
Human-robot embodied interaction in hallway settings: A pilot user study
- Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robots and Human Interactive Communication
, 2005
"... Abstract — This paper explores the problem of embodied interaction between a service robot and a person in a hallway setting. For operation in environments with people that have limited experience with robots, a behaviour that signals awareness of the persons and safety of motion is essential. A con ..."
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Cited by 22 (1 self)
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Abstract — This paper explores the problem of embodied interaction between a service robot and a person in a hallway setting. For operation in environments with people that have limited experience with robots, a behaviour that signals awareness of the persons and safety of motion is essential. A control strategy based on human spatial behaviour studies is presented that adopts human-robot interaction patterns similar to those used in person-person encounters. The results of a pilot study with human subjects are presented in which the users have evaluated the acceptability of the robot behaviour patterns during passage with respect to three basic parameters: the robot speed, the signaling distance at which the robot starts the maneuver and the lateral distance from the person for safe passage. The study has shown a good overall user response and has provided some useful indications on how to design a hallway passage behaviour that could be most acceptable to human users.
Robot Self-Initiative and Personalization by Learning through Repeated Interactions
"... We have developed a robotic system that interacts with the user, and through repeated interactions, adapts to the user so that the system becomes semi-autonomous and acts proactively. In this work we show how to design a system to meet a user’s preferences, show how robot pro-activity can be learned ..."
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Cited by 13 (5 self)
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We have developed a robotic system that interacts with the user, and through repeated interactions, adapts to the user so that the system becomes semi-autonomous and acts proactively. In this work we show how to design a system to meet a user’s preferences, show how robot pro-activity can be learned and provide an integrated system using verbal instructions. All these behaviors are implemented in a real platform that achieves all these behaviors and is evaluated in terms of user acceptability and efficiency of interaction.