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498
Maté: A Tiny Virtual Machine for Sensor Networks
, 2002
"... Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; networks must be easy to repopu-late. ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 510 (21 self)
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Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; networks must be easy to repopu-late. Often there is no feasible method to recharge motes, so energy is a precious resource. Once deployed, a network must be reprogrammable although physically unreachable, and this reprogramming can be a significant energy cost. We present Maté, a tiny communication-centric virtual machine designed for sensor networks. Mat~'s high-level in-terface allows complex programs to be very short (under 100 bytes), reducing the energy cost of transmitting new programs. Code is broken up into small capsules of 24 instructions, which can self-replicate through the network. Packet sending and reception capsules enable the deploy-ment of ad-hoc routing and data aggregation algorithms. Maté's concise, high-level program representation simplifies programming and allows large networks to be frequently re-programmed in an energy-efficient manner; in addition, its safe execution environment suggests a use of virtual ma-chines to provide the user/kernel boundary on motes that have no hardware protection mechanisms.
Ants: A toolkit for building and dynamically deploying network protocols
- IEEE OPENARCH 98
, 1998
"... We present a novel approach to building and deploying network protocols. The approach is based on mobile code, demand loading, and caching techniques. The architecture of our system allows new protocols to be dynamically deployed at both routers and end systems, without the need forcoordination and ..."
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Cited by 401 (5 self)
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We present a novel approach to building and deploying network protocols. The approach is based on mobile code, demand loading, and caching techniques. The architecture of our system allows new protocols to be dynamically deployed at both routers and end systems, without the need forcoordination and without unwanted interaction between co-existing protocols. In this paper, we describe our architecture and its realization in a prototype implementation. To demonstrate how to exploit our architecture, we present two simple protocols that operate within our prototype to introduce multicast and mobility services into a network that initially lacks them. 1
An Active Service Framework and its Application to Real-time Multimedia Transcoding
, 1998
"... Several recent proposals for an "active networks" architecture advocate the placement of user-defined computation within the network as a key mechanism to enable a wide range of new applications and protocols, including reliable multicast transports, mechanisms to foil denial of service at ..."
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Cited by 312 (20 self)
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Several recent proposals for an "active networks" architecture advocate the placement of user-defined computation within the network as a key mechanism to enable a wide range of new applications and protocols, including reliable multicast transports, mechanisms to foil denial of service attacks, intra-network real-time signal transcoding, and so forth. This laudable goal, however, creates a number of very difficult research problems, and although a number of pioneering research efforts in active networks have solved some of the preliminary small-scale problems, a large number of wide open problems remain. In this paper, we propose an alternative to active networks that addresses a restricted and more tractable subset of the active-networks design space. Our approach, which we (and others) call "active services", advocates the placement of user-defined computation within the network as with active networks, but unlike active networks preserves all of the routing and forwarding semantics o...
The tenet architecture for tiered sensor networks
- In Sensys
, 2006
"... Most sensor network research and software design has been guided by an architectural principle that permits multi-node data fusion on small-form-factor, resource-poor nodes, or motes. We argue that this principle leads to fragile and un-manageable systems and explore an alternative. The Tenet archit ..."
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Cited by 163 (14 self)
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Most sensor network research and software design has been guided by an architectural principle that permits multi-node data fusion on small-form-factor, resource-poor nodes, or motes. We argue that this principle leads to fragile and un-manageable systems and explore an alternative. The Tenet architecture is motivated by the observation that future large-scale sensor network deployments will be tiered, consist-ing of motes in the lower tier and masters, relatively un-constrained 32-bit platform nodes, in the upper tier. Masters provide increased network capacity. Tenet constrains multi-node fusion to the master tier while allowing motes to pro-cess locally-generated sensor data. This simplifies applica-tion development and allows mote-tier software to be reused. Applications running on masters task motes by composing task descriptions from a novel tasklet library. Our Tenet im-plementation also contains a robust and scalable network-ing subsystem for disseminating tasks and reliably deliver-ing responses. We show that a Tenet pursuit-evasion applica-tion exhibits performance comparable to a mote-native im-plementation while being considerably more compact.
Active Network Vision and Reality: Lessons From a Capsule-Based System
- ACM SYMPOSIUM ON OPERATING SYSTEMS PRINCIPLES (SOSP '99)
, 1999
"... Although active networks have generated much debate in the research community, on the whole there has been little hard evidence to inform this debate. This paper aims to redress the situation by reporting what we have learned by designing, implementing and using the ANTS active network toolkit over ..."
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Cited by 142 (3 self)
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Although active networks have generated much debate in the research community, on the whole there has been little hard evidence to inform this debate. This paper aims to redress the situation by reporting what we have learned by designing, implementing and using the ANTS active network toolkit over the past two years. At this early stage, active networks remain an open research area. However, we believe that we have made substantial progress towards providing a more flexible network layer while at the same time addressing the performance and security concerns raised by the presence of mobile code in the network. In this paper, we argue our progress towards the original vision and the difficulties that we have not yet resolved in three areas that characterize a "pure" active network: the capsule model of programmability; the accessibility of that model to all users; and the applications that can be constructed in practice.
Impala: A Middleware System for Managing Autonomic, Parallel Sensor Systems
- In PPoPP ’03: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
, 2003
"... Sensor networks are long-running computer systems with many sensing/compute nodes working to gather information about their environment, process and fuse that information, and in some cases, actuate control mechanisms in response. Like traditional parallel systems, communication between nodes is of ..."
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Cited by 138 (5 self)
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Sensor networks are long-running computer systems with many sensing/compute nodes working to gather information about their environment, process and fuse that information, and in some cases, actuate control mechanisms in response. Like traditional parallel systems, communication between nodes is of fundamental importance, but is typically accomplished via wireless transceivers. One further key attribute of sensor networks is that they are almost always long-running systems, intended to operate in situ, with minimal direct human intervention, for months or years. This requirement for long-running autonomy mandates careful design of the runtime system that manages applications on each node, to ensure reliability and ease of upgrades over the life of the system.
How to Lease the Internet in Your Spare Time
- ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
, 2007
"... Today’s Internet Service Providers (ISPs) serve two roles: managing their network infrastructure and providing (arguably limited) services to end users. We argue that coupling these roles impedes the deployment of new protocols and architectures, and that the future Internet should support two separ ..."
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Cited by 135 (19 self)
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Today’s Internet Service Providers (ISPs) serve two roles: managing their network infrastructure and providing (arguably limited) services to end users. We argue that coupling these roles impedes the deployment of new protocols and architectures, and that the future Internet should support two separate entities: infrastructure providers (who manage the physical infrastructure) and service providers (who deploy network protocols and offer end-to-end services). We present a high-level design for Cabo, an architecture that enables this separation; we also describe challenges associated with realizing this architecture.
WebOS: Operating System Services for Wide Area Applications
"... In this paper, we demonstrate the power of providing a common set of Operating System services to wide-area applications, including mechanisms for naming, persistent storage, remote process execution, resource management, authentication, and security. On a single machine, application developers can ..."
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Cited by 130 (17 self)
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In this paper, we demonstrate the power of providing a common set of Operating System services to wide-area applications, including mechanisms for naming, persistent storage, remote process execution, resource management, authentication, and security. On a single machine, application developers can rely on the local operating system to provide these abstractions. In the wide area, however, application developers are forced to build these abstractions themselves or to do without. This ad-hoc approach often results in individual programmers implementing non-optimal solutions, wasting both programmer effort and system resources. To address these problems, we are building a system, WebOS, that provides basic operating systems services needed to build applications that are geographically distributed, highly available, incrementally scalable, and dynamically reconfigurable. Experience with a number of applications developed under WebOS indicates that it simplifies system development and improves resource utilization. In particular, we use WebOS to implement Rent-A-Server to provide dynamic replication of overloaded Web services across the wide area in response to client demands.
