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2003), “Understanding the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Physical Health: Do Negative Emotions Play a Role
- Psychological Bulletin 129(1): 10-51 Glied, Sherry and Adriana Lleras-Muney (2003), “Health Inequality, Education and Medical Innovation,” NBER Working Paper #9738
"... In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the author ..."
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Cited by 123 (7 self)
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In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the authors examine indirect evidence showing that (a) SES relates to the targeted health outcomes, (b) SES relates to negative emotions and cognitions, and (c) negative emotions and cognitions relate to the targeted health outcomes. The authors present a general framework for understanding the roles of cognitive– emotional factors, suggesting that low-SES environments are stressful and reduce individuals ’ reserve capacity to manage stress, thereby increasing vulnerability to negative emotions and cognitions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to better evaluate the proposed model. Health disparities associated with socioeconomic status (SES) have existed for centuries (G. D. Smith, Carroll, Rankin, & Rowan, 1992) and have been recognized by researchers for many decades (Chapin, 1924; Warren & Sydenstricker, 1916). Recent research within the United States and other industrialized countries demonstrates that SES is associated with diverse health outcomes (Adler, Marmot, McEwen, & Stewart, 1999), and some evidence suggests that SES inequalities in mortality may even be widening
The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82:102–11. [aWvH] BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2011) 34:1 49 Hippel & Trivers: The evolution
- Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 42:33–44. [LCE] Buhrmester
, 2002
"... The authors investigated the extent to which social support and coping account for the association between greater optimism and better adjustment to stressful life events. College students of both genders completed measures of perceived stress, depression, friendship network size, and perceived soci ..."
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Cited by 83 (2 self)
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The authors investigated the extent to which social support and coping account for the association between greater optimism and better adjustment to stressful life events. College students of both genders completed measures of perceived stress, depression, friendship network size, and perceived social support at the beginning and end of their 1st semester of college. Coping was assessed at the end of the 1st semester. Greater optimism, assessed at the beginning of the 1st semester of college, was prospectively associated with smaller increases in stress and depression and greater increases in perceived social support (but not in friendship network size) over the course of the 1st semester of college. Mediational analyses were consistent with a model in which increases in social support and greater use of positive reinterpretation and growth contributed to the superior adjustment that optimists experienced. Individual differences in optimism play an important role in the adjustment to stressful life events (reviewed in Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 2001). Greater optimism has been found to be associated with less mood disturbance in response to a variety of stressors, including adjustment to law school (Segerstrom, Taylor, Kemeny, & Fahey, 1998), breast cancer and coronary bypass surgery (Carver et al., 1993; Scheier et al., 1989), and exposure to SCUD missile attacks (Zeidner & Hammer, 1992). One explanation for the associations that have been found is that optimists cope more effectively with their stressors than do pessimists. There is substantial evidence that optimists use different strategies to cope than do pessimists and that these coping differences contribute to the positive association between optimism and better adjustment (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989; Scheier,
Culture and social support
- American Psychologist
, 2008
"... Social support is one of the most effective means by which people can cope with stressful events. Yet little research has examined whether there are cultural differences in how people utilize their social support networks. A review of studies on culture and social support presents evidence that Asia ..."
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Cited by 41 (9 self)
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Social support is one of the most effective means by which people can cope with stressful events. Yet little research has examined whether there are cultural differences in how people utilize their social support networks. A review of studies on culture and social support presents evidence that Asians and Asian Americans are more reluctant to explicitly ask for support from close others than are European Americans because they are more concerned about the potentially negative relational consequences of such behaviors. Asians and Asian Americans are more likely to use and benefit from forms of support that do not involve explicit disclosure of personal stressful events and feelings of distress. Discussion centers on the potential implications of these findings for intercultural interactions and for the use of mental health services by Asians and Asian Americans.
The influence of work, household structure, and social, personal and material resources on gender differences in health: an analysis
- of the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey. Social Science and Medicine 2002;54
"... Data from the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) do not confirm the widespread assumption that women experience considerably more ill health than men. The patterns vary by condition and age and at many ages, the health of women and men is more similar than is often assumed. Howev ..."
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Cited by 28 (2 self)
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Data from the 1994 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) do not confirm the widespread assumption that women experience considerably more ill health than men. The patterns vary by condition and age and at many ages, the health of women and men is more similar than is often assumed. However, we should not minimize the gender differences that do exist and in this paper we focus on three health problems which are more common among women: distress, migraine and arthri-tis/rheumatism. We consider to what extent work, household structure and social, personal and material resources explain these gender differences in health. Analysis of the distributions of paid work conditions, household circumstances and resources reveal mostly minor differences by gender and differences in exposure to these circumstances
Depressive symptomatology, exposure to violence, and the role of social capital among African American adolescents
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
, 2005
"... Focusing on the role of capital as both personal and social resources for adolescents, the authors examined depressive symptomatology among a sample of 10- to 18-year-old African American youths (N 1,538). In addition to gender and age differences, adolescents exposed to threatening environments (s ..."
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Cited by 24 (0 self)
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Focusing on the role of capital as both personal and social resources for adolescents, the authors examined depressive symptomatology among a sample of 10- to 18-year-old African American youths (N 1,538). In addition to gender and age differences, adolescents exposed to threatening environments (school, neighborhood, home) reported more depressive symptoms. Social capital had a significant inverse relationship with adolescent depression; self-esteem and a social capital index were negatively related to depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, the interaction effects of gender with social capital, age with self-esteem, and age with grades were significant, indicating the presence of a buffering effect. These findings suggest the importance of interrelationships among violence exposure, capital, and well-being for adolescents. Over the last several decades, we have witnessed a growing concentration of poverty and minority status in America’s inner cities—the ghettoization of pov-erty (Fitzpatrick & LaGory, 2000; Jargowsky, 1997; Wilson, 1987). This increasing isolation of the poor reflects a broader trend in society, described in Rob-
The role of depressed mood and anger in the relationship between family conflict and delinquent behaviour. J Youth Adolesc 2004;33:509–22
"... Drawing on R. Agnew’s (Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology 30: 47–87, 1992) general strain theory, this paper examines whether depressed mood and anger mediate the effects of family conflict on delinquency. We examine data on 7758 students, 14–16 years old, a ..."
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Cited by 23 (1 self)
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Drawing on R. Agnew’s (Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology 30: 47–87, 1992) general strain theory, this paper examines whether depressed mood and anger mediate the effects of family conflict on delinquency. We examine data on 7758 students, 14–16 years old, attending the compulsory 9th and 10th grades of the Icelandic secondary school system. We use structural equation modeling to show that exposure to arguments and fights at home are positively related to both depressed mood and anger among adolescents. Anger is positively associated with delinquent behavior whereas depressed mood has no effect on delinquency. KEY WORDS: depressed mood; anger; family conflict; delinquent behavior.
2006) Pursuit of comfort and pursuit of harmony: culture, relationships, and social support seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
"... This research examined whether people from collectivistic cultures are less likely to seek social support than are people from individualistic cultures because they are more cautious about potentially disturbing their social network. Study 1 found that Asian Americans from a more collectivistic cult ..."
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Cited by 23 (2 self)
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This research examined whether people from collectivistic cultures are less likely to seek social support than are people from individualistic cultures because they are more cautious about potentially disturbing their social network. Study 1 found that Asian Americans from a more collectivistic culture sought social support less and found support seeking to be less effective than European Americans from a more individualistic culture. Study 2 found that European Americans ’ willingness to seek support was unaffected by relationship priming, whereas Asian Americans were willing to seek support less when the relationship primed was closer to the self. Study 3 replicated the results of Study 2 and found that the tendency to seek support and expect social support to be helpful as related to concerns about relationships. These findings underscore the importance of culturally divergent relationship patterns in understanding social support transactions.
Life Course Impacts of Parenting a Child With a Disability
"... We contrasted parents who had a child with a developmental disability, a serious mental health problem, and a normative comparison group with respect to parental attainment and well-being at mid-life. Data are from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, collected when the respondents were 18, 36, and 53 ..."
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Cited by 23 (6 self)
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We contrasted parents who had a child with a developmental disability, a serious mental health problem, and a normative comparison group with respect to parental attainment and well-being at mid-life. Data are from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, collected when the respondents were 18, 36, and 53 or 54, on average. Although similar at age 18, group patterns of attainment and well-being diverged thereafter. Parents of a child with a de-velopmental disability had lower rates of employment, larger families, and lower rates of social participation but were similar to parents without a child with a disability in educational and marital status, physical health, and psychological well-being. Parents whose child had a serious mental health problem had normative patterns of educational and occupational attainment and marriage, but elevated levels of physical symptoms, depression, and alcohol symptoms at mid-life. It has long been recognized that expo-sure to stressors at various points along the life course has long-term conse-quences for well-being (Brown & Harris,
A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese Americans
- American Journal of Community Psychology
, 2001
"... A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese ..."
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Cited by 22 (0 self)
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A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese
Social Support and Social Strain Among Husbands and Wives: A Multilevel Analysis
"... In response to recent calls in the literature for within-person examinations of social support processes over time, this study explores the relationships of spousal support, spousal strain, and well-being among husbands and wives, both within the same day and across days. Eighty-three couples were i ..."
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Cited by 14 (5 self)
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In response to recent calls in the literature for within-person examinations of social support processes over time, this study explores the relationships of spousal support, spousal strain, and well-being among husbands and wives, both within the same day and across days. Eighty-three couples were interviewed and completed a structured diary twice daily for 1 week. The results of multilevel hierarchical modeling suggest that both spousal support and spousal strain made significant, independent contributions to concurrent negative affect, although only spousal support was a significant predictor of next-day negative affect. Spousal strain interacted with spousal support to predict next-day negative affect. Direct and moderating effects of perceived marital adjustment on negative affect were discussed.
