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A Survey of Attack and Defense Techniques for Reputation Systems
"... Reputation systems provide mechanisms to produce a metric encapsulating reputation for a given domain for each identity within the system. These systems seek to generate an accurate assessment in the face of various factors including but not limited to unprecedented community size and potentially ad ..."
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Reputation systems provide mechanisms to produce a metric encapsulating reputation for a given domain for each identity within the system. These systems seek to generate an accurate assessment in the face of various factors including but not limited to unprecedented community size and potentially adversarial environments. We focus on attacks and defense mechanisms in reputation systems. We present an analysis framework that allows for general decomposition of existing reputation systems. We classify attacks against reputation systems by identifying which system components and design choices are the target of attacks. We survey defense mechanisms employed by existing reputation systems. Finally, we analyze several landmark systems in the peer-to-peer domain, characterizing their individual strengths and weaknesses. Our work contributes to understanding 1) which design components of reputation systems are most vulnerable, 2) what are the most appropriate defense mechanisms and 3) how these defense mechanisms can be integrated into existing or future reputation systems to make them resilient to attacks.
SecuredTrust: a dynamic trust computation model for secured communication in multiagent systems,”
- IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing,
, 2012
"... Abstract-Security and privacy issues have become critically important with the fast expansion of multi-agent systems. Most network applications such as pervasive computing, grid computing and P2P networks can be viewed as multi-agent systems which are open, anonymous and dynamic in nature. Such cha ..."
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Abstract-Security and privacy issues have become critically important with the fast expansion of multi-agent systems. Most network applications such as pervasive computing, grid computing and P2P networks can be viewed as multi-agent systems which are open, anonymous and dynamic in nature. Such characteristics of multi-agent systems introduce vulnerabilities and threats to providing secured communication. One feasible way to minimize the threats is to evaluate the trust and reputation of the interacting agents. Many trust/reputation models have done so, but they fail to properly evaluate trust when malicious agents start to behave in an unpredictable way. Moreover, these models are ineffective in providing quick response to a malicious agent's oscillating behavior. Another aspect of multi-agent systems which is becoming critical for sustaining good service quality, is the even distribution of workload among service providing agents. Most trust/reputation models have not yet addressed this issue. So, to cope with the strategically altering behavior of malicious agents and to distribute workload as evenly as possible among service providers; we present in this paper a dynamic trust computation model called 'SecuredTrust'. In this paper we first analyze the different factors related to evaluating the trust of an agent in a and then propose a comprehensive quantitative model for measuring such trust. We also propose a novel load balancing algorithm based on the different factors defined in our model. Simulation results indicate that our model compared to other existing models can effectively cope with strategic behavioral change of malicious agents and at the same time efficiently distribute workload among the service providing agents under stable condition. Index Terms-Multi-agent system, trust management, reputation model, load balancing, malicious behavior.
Bottom-Up Extraction and Trust-Based Refinement of Ontology Metadata
"... Abstract—We present a way of building ontologies that proceeds in a bottom-up fashion, defining concepts as clusters of concrete XML objects. Our rough bottom-up ontologies are based on simple relations like association and inheritance, as well as on value restrictions, and can be used to enrich and ..."
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Abstract—We present a way of building ontologies that proceeds in a bottom-up fashion, defining concepts as clusters of concrete XML objects. Our rough bottom-up ontologies are based on simple relations like association and inheritance, as well as on value restrictions, and can be used to enrich and update existing upper ontologies. Then, we show how automatically generated assertions based on our bottom-up ontologies can be associated with a flexible degree of trust by nonintrusively collecting user feedback in the form of implicit and explicit votes. Dynamic trust-based views on assertions automatically filter out imprecisions and substantially improve metadata quality in the long run. Index Terms—Semantic Web, bottom-up ontology, ad hoc conceptualization, metadata extraction and maintenance, fuzzy clustering techniques, trusted assertions. 1
Modeling User Reputation in Wikis
"... Collaborative systems available on the Web allow millions of users to share information through a growing collection of tools and platforms such as wikis, blogs, and shared forums. By their very nature, these systems contain resources and information with different quality levels. The open nature of ..."
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Collaborative systems available on the Web allow millions of users to share information through a growing collection of tools and platforms such as wikis, blogs, and shared forums. By their very nature, these systems contain resources and information with different quality levels. The open nature of these systems, however, makes it difficult for users to determine the quality of the available information and the reputation of its providers. Here, we first parse and mine the entire English Wikipedia history pages in order to extract detailed user edit patterns and statistics. We then use these patterns and statistics to derive three computational models of a user’s reputation. Finally, we validate these models using ground–truth Wikipedia data associated with vandals and administrators. When used as a classifier, the best model produces an area under the ROC curve of 0.98. Furthermore, we assess the reputation predictions generated by the models on other users, and show that all three models can be used efficiently for predicting user behavior in Wikipedia.
Addressing common vulnerabilities of reputation systems for electronic commerce
- Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
"... www.jtaer.com DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762012000100002 ..."
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Tré,"Viewpoints on Emergent Semantics
- Journal on Data Semantics
, 2006
"... Abstract. We introduce a novel view on how to deal with the problems of semantic interoperability in distributed systems. This view is based on the concept of emergent semantics, which sees both the representation of semantics and the discovery of the proper interpretation of symbols as the result o ..."
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Abstract. We introduce a novel view on how to deal with the problems of semantic interoperability in distributed systems. This view is based on the concept of emergent semantics, which sees both the representation of semantics and the discovery of the proper interpretation of symbols as the result of a self-organizing process performed by distributed agents exchanging symbols and having utilities dependent on the proper interpretation of the symbols. This is a complex systems perspective on the problem of dealing with semantics. We highlight some of the distinctive features of our vision and point out preliminary examples of its application. 1
On Distributed Rating Systems for Peer-to-Peer Networks
, 2007
"... In recent years, many distributed rating systems have been proposed against the increasing misbehaviors of peers in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. However, the low accuracy, long-response time and vulnerabilities under the adversary attacks of P2P rating systems have long been criticized and hindering ..."
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In recent years, many distributed rating systems have been proposed against the increasing misbehaviors of peers in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. However, the low accuracy, long-response time and vulnerabilities under the adversary attacks of P2P rating systems have long been criticized and hindering the practical deployment of such a mechanism. There is also a lack of systematic analysis and evaluation for understanding the systems. In this paper, we first present a framework of stochastic analytical model for evaluating P2P rating systems. The performances of two representative designs, namely the unstructured self-managing rating (UMR) system and the structured supervising rating (SSR) system, are then studied with our model. We identify the positive features as well as the negative ones of the two designs with different design choices and under various network environments and adversary attacks. We also propose a configurable loosely supervising rating system, and show that this system works inexpensively, and could make trade-off between the false rating attack resistance of the UMR system and the accuracy, responsiveness, whitewashing attack resistance as well as a failure resilience of the SSR system, thus providing a better overall performance according to the application context.
Trust Management of Services in Cloud Environments: Obstacles and Solutions
"... Trust management is one of the most challenging issues in the emerging cloud computing area. Over the past few years, many studies have proposed different techniques to address trust management issues. However, despite these past efforts, several trust management issues such as identification, priva ..."
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Trust management is one of the most challenging issues in the emerging cloud computing area. Over the past few years, many studies have proposed different techniques to address trust management issues. However, despite these past efforts, several trust management issues such as identification, privacy, personalization, integration, security, and scalability have been mostly neglected and need to be addressed before cloud computing can be fully embraced. In this article, we present an overview of the cloud service models and we survey the main techniques and research prototypes that efficiently support trust management of services in cloud environments. We present a generic analytical framework that assesses existing trust management research prototypes in cloud computing and relevant areas using a set of assessment criteria. Open research issues for trust management in cloud environments are also discussed.
Fuzzy trust for peer-to-peer based systems
- Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2007. PWASET 2007
, 2007
"... Abstract — Trust management is one of the drawbacks in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) system. Lack of centralized control makes it difficult to control the behavior of the peers. Reputation system is one approach to provide trust assessment in P2P system. In this paper, we use fuzzy logic to model trust in a P2 ..."
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Abstract — Trust management is one of the drawbacks in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) system. Lack of centralized control makes it difficult to control the behavior of the peers. Reputation system is one approach to provide trust assessment in P2P system. In this paper, we use fuzzy logic to model trust in a P2P environment. Our trust model combines first-hand (direct experience) and second-hand (reputation) information to allow peers to represent and reason with uncertainty regarding other peers ’ trustworthiness. Fuzzy logic can help in handling the imprecise nature and uncertainty of trust. Linguistic labels are used to enable peers assign a trust level intuitively. Our fuzzy trust model is flexible such that inference rules are used to weight first-hand and second-hand accordingly.
