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Visual strategizing: the systematic use of visualization in the strategic-planning process
- Long Range Planning
, 2009
"... Abstract In this article, we examine the use of visual representations for the business strategy process (from strategic analysis and strategy development to strategic planning and implementation). Starting with a review of literature, we show that visualization can address many of the cognitive, s ..."
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Abstract In this article, we examine the use of visual representations for the business strategy process (from strategic analysis and strategy development to strategic planning and implementation). Starting with a review of literature, we show that visualization can address many of the cognitive, social, and emotional challenges of the strategy process, if visualization is understood as a participatory process and as interactive communication rather than as a static graphic rendering of outcomes. We categorise and position feasible methods that are based on the interactive visual representation of information along the strategy process and highlight their benefits. A conceptual framework and six corporate case studies illustrate how to use strategy visualization systematically. In the conclusion of the article we highlight the potential risks of visualization for strategizing and articulate a research agenda for this emergent domain.
The Benefits of Synchronous Collaborative Information Visualization: Evidence from an Experimental Evaluation
"... Abstract—A great corpus of studies reports empirical evidence of how information visualization supports comprehension and analysis of data. The benefits of visualization for synchronous group knowledge work, however, have not been addressed extensively. Anecdotal evidence and use cases illustrate th ..."
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Abstract—A great corpus of studies reports empirical evidence of how information visualization supports comprehension and analysis of data. The benefits of visualization for synchronous group knowledge work, however, have not been addressed extensively. Anecdotal evidence and use cases illustrate the benefits of synchronous collaborative information visualization, but very few empirical studies have rigorously examined the impact of visualization on group knowledge work. We have consequently designed and conducted an experiment in which we have analyzed the impact of visualization on knowledge sharing in situated work groups. Our experimental study consists of evaluating the performance of 131 subjects (all experienced managers) in groups of 5 (for a total of 26 groups), working together on a real-life knowledge sharing task. We compare (1) the control condition (no visualization provided), with two visualization supports: (2) optimal and (3) suboptimal visualization (based on a previous survey). The facilitator of each group was asked to populate the provided interactive visual template with insights from the group, and to organize the contributions according to the group consensus. We have evaluated the results through both objective and subjective measures. Our statistical analysis clearly shows that interactive visualization has a statistically significant, objective and positive impact on the outcomes of knowledge sharing, but that the subjects seem not to be aware of this. In particular, groups supported by visualization achieved higher productivity, higher quality of outcome and greater knowledge gains. No statistically significant results could be found between an optimal and a suboptimal visualization though (as classified by the pre-experiment survey). Subjects also did not seem to be aware of the benefits that the visualizations provided as no difference between the visualization and the
VALIDATING STANDARDS-BASED TEST SCORE INTERPRETATIONS
"... Standards-based score reports interpret test performance with reference to cut scores defining categories like "below basic " or "proficient " or "master. " This paper first develops a conceptual framework for validity arguments supporting such interpretations, then pr ..."
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Standards-based score reports interpret test performance with reference to cut scores defining categories like "below basic " or "proficient " or "master. " This paper first develops a conceptual framework for validity arguments supporting such interpretations, then presents three applications. Two of these are serve to introduce new standard-setting methods. The conceptual framework lays out the logic of validity arguments in support of standards-based score interpretations, focusing on requirements that the performance standard (i.e., the characterization of examinees who surpass the cut score) be defensible both as a description and as a normative judgment, and that the cut score accurately operationalize that performance standard. The three applications illustrate performance standards that differ in the breadth of the claims they set forth. The first, a "criterion-referenced testing " application, features a narrow performance standard that corresponds closely to performance on the test itself. The second, "minimum competency testing, " introduces a new standard-setting method that might be used when there is a weaker linkage between the test and the performance standard. The third, a contemporary standards-based testing application, proposes a new procedure whereby the performance standard would be derived directly from the specification for the test itself.
Some Ways Images Express and Promote Thought
"... How does thought happen? Perhaps because thought is often expressed in language, it is often thought that thought happens in language. Yet it is elementary that thought occurs in the brain, activities of neurons, in concert with the body and the world, again through the actions of neurons. The brai ..."
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How does thought happen? Perhaps because thought is often expressed in language, it is often thought that thought happens in language. Yet it is elementary that thought occurs in the brain, activities of neurons, in concert with the body and the world, again through the actions of neurons. The brain doesn’t speak a natural language, not within itself and
Towards Unifying Perception and Cognition: The Ubiquity of Trees. Prepublication
, 2005
"... Is there a single mechanism that underlies all perceptual and cognitive processing? This paper aims to solve a small part of Newell's challenge (A. Newell 1990, Unified Theories of Cognition, Harvard University Press) and proposes a model that unifies three different modalities: language, music ..."
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Is there a single mechanism that underlies all perceptual and cognitive processing? This paper aims to solve a small part of Newell's challenge (A. Newell 1990, Unified Theories of Cognition, Harvard University Press) and proposes a model that unifies three different modalities: language, music and problem-solving. In doing so, we will focus on tree structures. Trees are ubiquitous in modeling high-level perception and cognition and have been used to represent grouping structures in linguistic, musical and visual perception and deductive structures in reasoning, learning and problem solving. We will show that an instantiation of the Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) framework can accurately predict the correct tree structure for linguistic utterances, musical pieces and physics problems. The key idea of the DOP framework is that new input is analyzed by combining subtrees from a representative corpus of previous trees. While the labeling of the trees and the details of the combination operation may differ across the modalities, we argue that there is one model for predicting the tree that humans come up with. We report on experiments with manually annotated corpora for the three modalities, showing that the best performing model is the one which takes into account subtrees of arbitrary size and which selects the most probable tree from among the shortest derivations of an input.
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"... responsibility of the contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada ..."
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responsibility of the contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada
Transforming Canvas Model: Map versus Table
"... ABSTRACT The paper provides a new framework for visualizing business models, guided by well-shaped visualization based on hypergraph technology, specifically, mind mapping. Our approach presents the future evolution of Ostervalder's ideas. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework w ..."
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ABSTRACT The paper provides a new framework for visualizing business models, guided by well-shaped visualization based on hypergraph technology, specifically, mind mapping. Our approach presents the future evolution of Ostervalder's ideas. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework we conducted a pilot study involving an experiment with 22 experienced top-managers of Russian companies and examined their perception of three business models description approaches involving linear text, Canvas business model by Alexander, and business model mind mapping template. Results reveal that the developed mind mapping visualization framework can be considered as cognitive scaffolds and is positively associated with improved perception and understanding of the business model by managers allowing them to communicate, share and manipulate business model knowledge easily.
Dynamic Assembly of Figures in Visuospatial Reasoning
"... Abstract. An exploratory, qualitative experiment sheds light on the depictive theory of mental imagery. The study analyzes the very operations subjects undertake when solving visuospatial tasks. Preliminary results indicate that subjects do not make use of stable mental images: instead, they continu ..."
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Abstract. An exploratory, qualitative experiment sheds light on the depictive theory of mental imagery. The study analyzes the very operations subjects undertake when solving visuospatial tasks. Preliminary results indicate that subjects do not make use of stable mental images: instead, they continuously assemble and reassemble different perspectives through the guidance of heuristics and prototypes. These observations allow a reinterpretation of mental imagery. We want to forward the hypotheses that a) the assembly process itself is of much higher importance than usually acknowledged; b) that an assembled perspective (or figure) is defined by one’s orientation towards certain operations; and c), that heuristics and prototypes are instantiated by a heterarchical organization of mental operations.
VISUAL REASONING AND DESIGN PROCESSES
"... Visual reasoning ability is a fundamental attribute in creative design process. This paper introduces a visual reasoning model composed of interaction of seeing, imagining and drawing that has eight components of perception, analysis, interpretation, generation, transformation, maintenance, internal ..."
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Visual reasoning ability is a fundamental attribute in creative design process. This paper introduces a visual reasoning model composed of interaction of seeing, imagining and drawing that has eight components of perception, analysis, interpretation, generation, transformation, maintenance, internal representation and external representation. To confirm the eight components of visual reasoning model, we investigated visual reasoning processes of an expert designer and a student designer in a visual reasoning task through protocol analysis. As a result, we could trace a connected sequence in the visual reasoning model and found different connected sequences between the student and expert, which caused different results. Also, we observed the expert designer’s visual reasoning process in a design task, which can be explained in the visual reasoning model. Active connected interaction of the eight components of the visual reasoning model is closely related to creative stages in design process.
