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Improving Learning in Primary Schools of Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Experiments
, 2013
"... Abstract: I identified and coded 76 randomized experiments conducted in developing-country primary schools from the mid-1970s to 2013. The experiments evaluated the impact of 110 school-based treatments on language and mathematics test scores, as compared with “businessas-usual” in the same settings ..."
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Abstract: I identified and coded 76 randomized experiments conducted in developing-country primary schools from the mid-1970s to 2013. The experiments evaluated the impact of 110 school-based treatments on language and mathematics test scores, as compared with “businessas-usual” in the same settings. The treatments included instructional interventions, health interventions, and incentive-based interventions. On average, monetary grants and deworming had effects that were close to zero and statistically insignificant. Nutritional treatments, treatments that provided information to parents or students, and treatments that improved school management and supervision had small mean effect sizes (0.04-0.06) that were not always robust to controls for study moderators. The largest mean effect sizes included treatments with instructional materials (0.08); computers or instructional technology (0.15); teacher training (0.12); smaller classes, smaller learning groups within classes, or ability grouping (0.12); student and teacher performance incentives (0.10); and contract or volunteer teachers (0.10). Metaregressions that controlled for treatment heterogeneity and other moderators suggested that the effects of materials and contract teachers, in particular, were partly accounted for by composite treatments that also included teacher training and class size reduction. A caveat is that interventions like deworming and school lunches often affected enrollment and attainment independently of learning, implying that student time is not always used productively in schools. There is insufficient data to gauge the relative cost-effectiveness of categories of interventions.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: LESSONS FROM RIGOROUS EVALUATIONS Improving Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: Lessons from Rigorous Evaluations Improving Educational Outcomes in Developing Coun
"... ABSTRACT This paper describes four lessons derived from 115 rigorous impact evaluations of educational initiatives in 33 low-and middle-income countries. First, reducing the costs of going to school and providing alternatives to traditional public schools increase attendance and attainment, but do ..."
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ABSTRACT This paper describes four lessons derived from 115 rigorous impact evaluations of educational initiatives in 33 low-and middle-income countries. First, reducing the costs of going to school and providing alternatives to traditional public schools increase attendance and attainment, but do not consistently increase student achievement. Second, providing information about school quality and returns to schooling generally improves student attainment and achievement, but building parents' capacity works only when focused on tasks they can easily learn to perform. Third, more or better resources do not improve student achievement unless they change children's daily experiences at school. Finally, well-designed incentives for teachers increase their effort and improve the achievement of students in very low performance settings, but low-skilled teachers need specific guidance to reach minimally acceptable levels of instruction.
the Ministry of Education, Chile, for assistance with administrative data; and Alberto Chong (IDB) for his
, 2011
"... education ..."
Sponsored by the Kurdistan Regional Government
"... The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation. ..."
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The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation.
