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419
Missing data: Our view of the state of the art
- Psychological Methods
, 2002
"... Statistical procedures for missing data have vastly improved, yet misconception and unsound practice still abound. The authors frame the missing-data problem, review methods, offer advice, and raise issues that remain unresolved. They clear up common misunderstandings regarding the missing at random ..."
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Cited by 739 (1 self)
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Statistical procedures for missing data have vastly improved, yet misconception and unsound practice still abound. The authors frame the missing-data problem, review methods, offer advice, and raise issues that remain unresolved. They clear up common misunderstandings regarding the missing at random (MAR) concept. They summarize the evidence against older procedures and, with few exceptions, dis-courage their use. They present, in both technical and practical language, 2 general approaches that come highly recommended: maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayes-ian multiple imputation (MI). Newer developments are discussed, including some for dealing with missing data that are not MAR. Although not yet in the main-stream, these procedures may eventually extend the ML and MI methods that currently represent the state of the art. Why do missing data create such difficulty in sci-entific research? Because most data analysis proce-dures were not designed for them. Missingness is usu-ally a nuisance, not the main focus of inquiry, but
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence
- in Parametric Causal Inference,” Political Analysis
, 2007
"... Although published works rarely include causal estimates from more than a few model specifications, authors usually choose the presented estimates from numerous trial runs readers never see. Given the often large variation in estimates across choices of control variables, functional forms, and other ..."
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Cited by 334 (46 self)
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Although published works rarely include causal estimates from more than a few model specifications, authors usually choose the presented estimates from numerous trial runs readers never see. Given the often large variation in estimates across choices of control variables, functional forms, and other modeling assumptions, how can researchers ensure that the few estimates presented are accurate or representative? How do readers know that publications are not merely demonstrations that it is possible to find a specification that fits the author’s favorite hypothesis? And how do we evaluate or even define statistical properties like unbiasedness or mean squared error when no unique model or estimator even exists? Matching methods, which offer the promise of causal inference with fewer assumptions, constitute one possible way forward, but crucial results in this fast-growing methodological
2001): “Clarify: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results
- Journal of Statistical Software
"... and distribute this program provided that no charge is made and the copy is identical to the original. To request an exception, please contact Michael Tomz. Contents 1 ..."
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Cited by 319 (3 self)
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and distribute this program provided that no charge is made and the copy is identical to the original. To request an exception, please contact Michael Tomz. Contents 1
Labor-market competition and individual preferences over immigration policy
, 2000
"... This paper uses three years of individual-level data to analyze the determinants of individual preferences over immigration policy in the United States. We have two main empirical results. First, less-skilled workers are significantly more likely to prefer limiting immigrant inflows into the United ..."
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Cited by 133 (4 self)
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This paper uses three years of individual-level data to analyze the determinants of individual preferences over immigration policy in the United States. We have two main empirical results. First, less-skilled workers are significantly more likely to prefer limiting immigrant inflows into the United States. Our finding suggests that, over the time horizons that are relevant to individuals when evaluating immigration policy, individuals think that the U.S. economy absorbs immigrant inflows at least partly by changing wages. Second, we find no evidence that the relationship between skills and immigration opinions is stronger in high-immigration communities.
Enhancing the Validity and Cross-Cultural Comparability of Measurement
- in Survey Research.” American Political Science Review
, 2004
"... 1 You may be interested in our Anchoring Vignettes web site, which, as a companion to this paper, provides software to implement the methods here, answers to frequently asked questions, example vignettes, and other materials (see ..."
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Cited by 129 (5 self)
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1 You may be interested in our Anchoring Vignettes web site, which, as a companion to this paper, provides software to implement the methods here, answers to frequently asked questions, example vignettes, and other materials (see
What Determines Individual Trade Policy Preferences
- Stata 8 User’s Guide and Base Reference Manual. Stata
, 2001
"... This paper provides new evidence on the determinants of individual trade-policy preferences using individual-level survey data for the United States. There are two main empirical results. First, we find that factor type dominates industry of employment in explaining support for trade barriers. Secon ..."
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Cited by 110 (11 self)
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This paper provides new evidence on the determinants of individual trade-policy preferences using individual-level survey data for the United States. There are two main empirical results. First, we find that factor type dominates industry of employment in explaining support for trade barriers. Second, we find that home ownership also matters for individuals ' trade-policy preferences. Independent of factor type, home ownership in counties with a manufacturing mix concentrated in comparative-disadvantage industries is correlated with support for trade barriers. This finding suggests that in addition to current factor incomes driving preferences as in standard trade models, preferences also depend on asset values.
Cross-cutting Social Networks: Testing Democratic Theory in Practice
- Am. Polit. Sci. Rev
, 2002
"... Exposure to conflicting political viewpoints is widely assumed to benefit the citizens of a democratic polity. Nonetheless, the benefits of exposure to heterogeneous political viewpoints have yet to be demonstrated empirically. Drawing on national survey data that tap characteristics of people' ..."
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Cited by 92 (4 self)
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Exposure to conflicting political viewpoints is widely assumed to benefit the citizens of a democratic polity. Nonetheless, the benefits of exposure to heterogeneous political viewpoints have yet to be demonstrated empirically. Drawing on national survey data that tap characteristics of people's political discussion networks, I examine the impact of heterogeneous networks of political discussion on individuals ' awareness of legitimate rationales for oppositional viewpoints, on their awareness of rationales for their own viewpoints, and on levels of political tolerance. Finally, utilizing a laboratory experiment manipulating exposure to dissonant and consonant political views, I further substantiate the causal role of cross-cutting exposure in fostering political tolerance. Comments
Standardizing the world income inequality database. Social Science Quarterly, 90(2): 231–242. SWIID Version 3.1, December 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from http://www.siuc.edu/~fsolt/swiid/swiid.html
- American Economic Review
, 2009
"... Objective. Cross-national research on the causes and consequences of income inequality has been hindered by the limitations of exist-ing inequality datasets: greater coverage across countries and over time is available from these sources only at the cost of significantly reduced comparability across ..."
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Cited by 90 (2 self)
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Objective. Cross-national research on the causes and consequences of income inequality has been hindered by the limitations of exist-ing inequality datasets: greater coverage across countries and over time is available from these sources only at the cost of significantly reduced comparability across observations. The goal of the Standard-ized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) is to overcome these limitations. Methods. A custom missing-data algorithm was used to standardize the United Nations University’s World Income Inequality Database; data collected by the Luxembourg Income Study served as the standard. Results. The SWIID provides comparable Gini indices of gross and net income inequality for 153 countries for as many years as possible from 1960 to the present along with estimates of uncer-tainty in these statistics. Conclusions. By maximizing comparability for the largest possible sample of countries and years, the SWIID is better suited to broadly cross-national research on income inequality than previously available sources. ∗For helpful comments, I am grateful to Stephen Bloom, Mariola Espinosa, and the anonymous reviewers. The SWIID data, along with replication materials, are available at my website:
Beyond Greed and Grievance: Feasibility and Civil War
, 2006
"... A key distinction among theories of civil war is between those that are built upon motivation and those that are built upon feasibility. We analyze a comprehensive global sample of civil wars for the period 1965-2004 and subject the results to a range of robustness tests. The data constitute a subst ..."
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Cited by 88 (16 self)
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A key distinction among theories of civil war is between those that are built upon motivation and those that are built upon feasibility. We analyze a comprehensive global sample of civil wars for the period 1965-2004 and subject the results to a range of robustness tests. The data constitute a substantial advance on previous work. We find that variables that are close proxies for feasibility have powerful consequences for the risk of a civil war. Our results substantiate the 'feasibility hypothesis ' that where civil war is feasible it will occur without reference to motivation. 2 1.
