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121
Effects of nonverbal communication on efficiency and robustness in human-robot teamwork
- in IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS
, 2005
"... Abstract — Nonverbal communication plays an important role in coordinating teammates ’ actions for collaborative activities. In this paper, we explore the impact of non-verbal social cues and behavior on task performance by a human-robot team. We report our results from an experiment where naïve hum ..."
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Cited by 70 (12 self)
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Abstract — Nonverbal communication plays an important role in coordinating teammates ’ actions for collaborative activities. In this paper, we explore the impact of non-verbal social cues and behavior on task performance by a human-robot team. We report our results from an experiment where naïve human subjects guide a robot to perform a physical task using speech and gesture. The robot communicates either implicitly through behavior or explicitly through non-verbal social cues. Both selfreport via questionnaire and behavioral analysis of video offer evidence to support our hypothesis that implicit non-verbal communication positively impacts human-robot task performance with respect to understandability of the robot, efficiency of task performance, and robustness to errors that arise from miscommunication. Whereas it is already well accepted that social cues enhance the likeability of robots and animated agents, our results offer promising evidence that they can also serve a pragmatic role in improving the effectiveness human-robot teamwork where the robot serves as a cooperative partner.
How may I serve you? A robot companion approaching a seated person in a helping context
- In Proc. of the ACM International Conference on Human Robot Interaction HRI 06
"... This paper presents the combined results of two studies that investigated how a robot should best approach and place itself relative to a seated human subject. Two live Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials were performed involving a robot fetching an object that the human had requested, using differ ..."
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Cited by 60 (9 self)
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This paper presents the combined results of two studies that investigated how a robot should best approach and place itself relative to a seated human subject. Two live Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials were performed involving a robot fetching an object that the human had requested, using different approach directions. Results of the trials indicated that most subjects disliked a frontal approach, except for a small minority of females, and most subjects preferred to be approached from either the left or right side, with a small overall preference for a right approach by the robot. Handedness and occupation were not related to these preferences. We discuss the results of the user studies in the context of developing a path planning system for a mobile robot.
Interactive humanoid robots for a science museum
- In Proc. HRI ’06
, 2006
"... This paper reports on a field trial with interactive humanoid robots at a science museum where visitors are supposed to study and develop an interest in science. In the trial, each visitor wore an RFID tag while looking around the museum’s exhibits. Information obtained from the RFID tags was used t ..."
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Cited by 42 (11 self)
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This paper reports on a field trial with interactive humanoid robots at a science museum where visitors are supposed to study and develop an interest in science. In the trial, each visitor wore an RFID tag while looking around the museum’s exhibits. Information obtained from the RFID tags was used to direct the robots ' interaction with the visitors. The robots autonomously interacted with visitors via gestures and utterances resembling the free play of children [1]. In addition, they performed exhibitguiding by moving around several exhibits and explaining the exhibits based on sensor information. The robots were highly evaluated by visitors during the two-month trial. Moreover, we conducted an experiment in the field trial to compare the detailed effects of exhibit-guiding and free-play interaction under three operating conditions. This revealed that the combination of the free-play interaction and exhibit-guiding positively affected visitors ’ experiences at the science museum.
Robots we Like to Live With? - A Developmental Perspective on a Personalized, Life-Long Robot Companion
- Proceedings of IEEE RO-MAN, 13th International workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication
, 2004
"... This paper addresses different possible social relationships between robots and humans, drawing on animal-human relationships. I will argue that humans have been living in (generally peaceful) co-existence with a number of potentially dangerous species, such as some canines. Interestingly dogs are n ..."
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Cited by 35 (12 self)
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This paper addresses different possible social relationships between robots and humans, drawing on animal-human relationships. I will argue that humans have been living in (generally peaceful) co-existence with a number of potentially dangerous species, such as some canines. Interestingly dogs are not born ‘pet dogs’, it’s not completely ‘predefined ’ in their genes whether they will become friendly or dangerous. A critical period in a puppy’s early life significantly shapes its socialization and behavioral conformation. I will suggest that such a developmental model of socialization could be an interesting viewpoint on the design of future generations of robots that need to co-exist with humans, and that humans like to live with. I will propose the challenge of developing ‘personalized robot companions’, machines that can serve as life-long companions. I will argue that such individualized robots are necessary due to human nature: people have individual needs, likes and dislikes, preferences and personalities that a companion would have to adapt to: one and the same robot will not fit all people. Cognitive robot companions above all need to be socialized and personalized in order to meet the social, emotional and cognitive needs of people they are ‘living with’. 1
Close encounters: Spatial distances between people and a robot of mechanistic appearance
- in Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
, 2005
"... Abstract- This paper presents the results from two empirical exploratory studies of human-robot interaction in the context of an initial encounter with a robot of mechanistic appearance. The first study was carried out with groups of children, and the second with single adults. The analysis concentr ..."
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Cited by 32 (11 self)
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Abstract- This paper presents the results from two empirical exploratory studies of human-robot interaction in the context of an initial encounter with a robot of mechanistic appearance. The first study was carried out with groups of children, and the second with single adults. The analysis concentrates on the personal space zones and initial distances between robot and humans, the context of the encounters and the human’s perception of the robot as a social being. We discuss the results of these observations and analyses, and also compare the child and adult data. The child groups showed a dominant response to prefer the ‘social zone ’ distance, comparable to distances people adopt when talking to other humans. From the single adult studies a small majority preferred the ‘personal zone’, reserved for talking to friends. However, significant minorities deviate from this pattern. Implications for future work are discussed.
What is a human? Toward psychological benchmarks in the field of human-robot interaction. Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in
- Biological and Artificial Systems
, 2007
"... of human–robot interaction ..."
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communication
- Conf. Transparent Optical Networks, Wroclaw
"... We propose that Christopher Alexander’s idea of design patterns can benefit the emerging field of HRI. We first discuss four features of design patterns that appear particularly useful. For example, a pattern should be specified abstractly enough such that many different instantiations of the patter ..."
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Cited by 26 (2 self)
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We propose that Christopher Alexander’s idea of design patterns can benefit the emerging field of HRI. We first discuss four features of design patterns that appear particularly useful. For example, a pattern should be specified abstractly enough such that many different instantiations of the pattern can be uniquely realized in the solution to specific problems in context. Then, after describing our method for generating patterns, we offer and describe eight possible design patterns for sociality in human robot interaction: initial introduction, didactic communication, in motion together, personal interests and history, recovering from mistakes, reciprocal turn-taking in game context, physical intimacy, and claiming unfair treatment or wrongful harms. We also discuss the issue of validation of design patterns. If a design pattern program proves successful, it will provide HRI researchers with basic knowledge about human robot interaction, and save time through the reuse of patterns to achieve high levels of sociality.
Methodological issues in hri: A comparison of live and video-based methods in robot to human approach direction trials
- In Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication
, 2006
"... Abstract-The main aim of this study was to confirm the findings from previous pilot studies that results obtained from the same Human Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios in trials using both video-based and live methodologies were comparable. We investigated how a robot should approach human subjects ..."
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Cited by 26 (10 self)
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Abstract-The main aim of this study was to confirm the findings from previous pilot studies that results obtained from the same Human Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios in trials using both video-based and live methodologies were comparable. We investigated how a robot should approach human subjects in various scenarios relevant to the robot fetching an object for the subject. These scenarios include a human subject sitting in an open space, sitting at a table, standing in an open space and standing against a wall. The subjects experienced the robot approaching from various directions for each of these contexts in HRI trials that were both live and video-based. There was a high degree of agreement between the results obtained from both the live and video based trials using the same scenarios. The main findings from both types of trial methodology were: Humans strongly did not like a direct frontal approach by a robot, especially while sitting (even at a table) or while standing with their back to a wall. An approach from the front left or front right was preferred. When standing in an open space a frontal approach was more acceptable and although a rear approach was not usually most preferred, it was generally acceptable to subjects if physically more convenient.
Avoiding the Uncanny Valley – Robot Appearance, Personality and Consistency of Behavior in an Attention-Seeking Home Scenario for a Robot Companion
- Journal of Autonomous Robots
, 2008
"... Abstract — This articleii presents the results of video-based Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials which investigated people’s perceptions of different robot appearances and associated attention-seeking features and behaviors displayed by robots with different appearance and behaviors. The HRI trial ..."
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Cited by 26 (8 self)
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Abstract — This articleii presents the results of video-based Human Robot Interaction (HRI) trials which investigated people’s perceptions of different robot appearances and associated attention-seeking features and behaviors displayed by robots with different appearance and behaviors. The HRI trials studied the participants ’ preferences for various features of robot appearance and behavior, as well as their personality attributions towards the robots compared to their own personalities. Overall, participants tended to prefer robots with more human-like appearance and attributes. However, systematic individual differences in the dynamic appearance ratings are not consistent with a universal effect. Introverts and participants with lower emotional stability tended to prefer the mechanical looking appearance to a greater degree than other participants. It is also shown that it is possible to rate individual elements of a particular robot’s behavior and then assess the contribution, or otherwise, of that element to the overall perception of the robot by people. Relating participants ’ dynamic appearance ratings of individual robots to independent static appearance ratings provided evidence that could be taken to support a portion of the left hand side of Mori’s theoretically proposed ‘uncanny valley ’ diagram. Suggestions for future work are outlined. Robots that are currently commercially available for use in a domestic environment and which have human interaction features are often orientated towards toy or entertainment functions. In the future, a robot companion which is to find a more generally useful place within a human oriented domestic environment, and thus sharing a private home with a person
Assessing human likeness by eye contact in an android testbed
- In Proc. XXVII Ann. Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society
, 2005
"... The development of robots that closely resemble human beings enables us to investigate many phenomena re-lated to human interactions that could not otherwise be investigated with mechanical-looking robots. This is be-cause more humanlike devices are in a better position to elicit the kinds of respon ..."
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Cited by 24 (10 self)
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The development of robots that closely resemble human beings enables us to investigate many phenomena re-lated to human interactions that could not otherwise be investigated with mechanical-looking robots. This is be-cause more humanlike devices are in a better position to elicit the kinds of responses people direct at each other. In particular, we cannot ignore the role of appearance in giving us a subjective impression of social presence or intelligence. However, this impression is influenced by behavior and the complex relationship between it and appearance. As Masahiro Mori observed, a humanlike appearance does not necessarily give a positive impres-sion. We propose a hypothesis as to how appearance and behavior are related and map out a plan for an-droid research to investigate this hypothesis. We then examine a study that evaluates the behavior of androids according to the patterns of gaze fixations they elicit in human subjects. Studies such as these, which integrate the development of androids with the investigation of human behavior, constitute a new research area fusing engineering and science.