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Forced to be Rich? Returns to Compulsory Schooling
- in Britain”, IZA Discussion Paper #3305
, 2008
"... Do students benefit from compulsory schooling? In an important article, Oreopoulos (2006) studied the 1947 British compulsory schooling law change and found large returns to schooling of about 15 % using the General Household Survey (GHS). We reanalyse this dataset and find much smaller returns of a ..."
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Do students benefit from compulsory schooling? In an important article, Oreopoulos (2006) studied the 1947 British compulsory schooling law change and found large returns to schooling of about 15 % using the General Household Survey (GHS). We reanalyse this dataset and find much smaller returns of about 3 % on average. In fact, there is no evidence of any positive return for women and the return for men is in the 4-7 % range. Additionally, we utilize the New Earnings Survey Panel Data-set (NESPD) that has earnings information superior to that in the GHS and find instrumental variables estimates that are very similar: zero returns for women and returns of about 3 to 4 % for men. The authors acknowledge the Office for National Statistics (ONS) for granting access to the NESPD and the ONS and the Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) for access to the General Household Survey data. Devereux gratefully acknowledges financial support
The effect of education on religion: Evidence from compulsory schooling laws." NBER Working Paper 16973
- National Bureau of Economic Research
"... Abstract For over a century, social scientists have debated how educational attainment impacts religious belief. In this paper, I use Canadian compulsory schooling laws to identify the relationship between completed schooling and later religiosity. I find that higher levels of education lead to low ..."
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Abstract For over a century, social scientists have debated how educational attainment impacts religious belief. In this paper, I use Canadian compulsory schooling laws to identify the relationship between completed schooling and later religiosity. I find that higher levels of education lead to lower levels of religious affiliation later in life. An additional year of education leads to a 4-percentage-point decline in the likelihood that an individual identifies with any religious tradition. Extrapolating the results to the broader population would suggest that increases in schooling can explain most of the large rise in nonaffiliation in Canada in recent decades. * I thank Phil Oreopoulos for providing me with data and for comments from audiences at Texas A&M and the ASREC association.
Returns to Skills Around the World: Evidence from PIAAC.” Working Paper no. 19762. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research
, 2013
"... Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures ..."
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Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures of cognitive skills is mostly restricted to early-career workers in the United States. Analysis of the new PIAAC survey of adult skills over the full lifecycle in 23 countries shows that the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an 18 percent wage increase among prime-age workers. But this masks considerable heterogeneity across countries. Eight countries, including all Nordic countries, have returns between 12 and 15 percent, while six are above 21 percent with the largest return being 28 percent in the United States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups. Instrumental-variable models that use skill variation stemming from school attainment, parental education, or compulsory-schooling laws provide even higher estimates. Intriguingly, returns to skills are systematically lower in countries with higher union density, stricter employment protection, and larger public-sector shares.
of LaborEducation and Health: The Role of Cognitive Ability
"... Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The ..."
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Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA Discussion Paper No. 7648
Exploring the Relationship Between Education and Obesity
"... This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. OECD Journal: Economic Studies ..."
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This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. OECD Journal: Economic Studies
Anatomy of a Health Scare: Education, Income and the MMR Controversy in the UK
, 2009
"... One theory for why there is an education gradient in health outcomes is that more educated individuals more quickly absorb new health-related information. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) controversy provides a case where, for a short period, some publicized research suggested that the particul ..."
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One theory for why there is an education gradient in health outcomes is that more educated individuals more quickly absorb new health-related information. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) controversy provides a case where, for a short period, some publicized research suggested that the particular childhood vaccine could have serious side-effects. As the controversy unfolded, uptake of the vaccine by more educated parents decreased relative to that of less educated parents, turning a positive education gradient into a negative one. We also consider the response in terms of uptake of other childhood vaccines and purchases of alternatives to the MMR.
Psychological Skills, Education, and Longevity of High-Ability Individuals." Unpublished manuscript
, 2014
"... Abstract Based on the 1922-1991 Terman data of children with high ability, I investigate the effects of childhood psychological skills and post-compulsory education on longevity. I identify causal effects and account for measurement error using factor-analytic methodology ..."
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Abstract Based on the 1922-1991 Terman data of children with high ability, I investigate the effects of childhood psychological skills and post-compulsory education on longevity. I identify causal effects and account for measurement error using factor-analytic methodology
The Effect of Child Health Insurance Access on Schooling: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions
, 2014
"... We are grateful to Tal Gross, Kosali Simon and Diane Schanzenbach for helpful comments and guidance on all simulated eligibility calculations. We also thank seminar participants at Cornell University, ..."
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We are grateful to Tal Gross, Kosali Simon and Diane Schanzenbach for helpful comments and guidance on all simulated eligibility calculations. We also thank seminar participants at Cornell University,
DOES STAYING IN SCHOOL (AND NOT WORKING) PREVENT TEEN SMOKING AND DRINKING? *
"... Abstract: Previous work suggests but cannot prove that education improves health behaviors. We exploit a randomized intervention that increased schooling (and reduced working) among male students in the Dominican Republic, by providing information on the returns to schooling. We find that treated yo ..."
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Abstract: Previous work suggests but cannot prove that education improves health behaviors. We exploit a randomized intervention that increased schooling (and reduced working) among male students in the Dominican Republic, by providing information on the returns to schooling. We find that treated youths were much less likely to smoke at age 18 and had delayed onset of heavy drinking. The effects appear to be due to changes in peer networks and disposable income, but not any direct impact of schooling on rates of time preference, attitudes towards risk or perceptions that drinking or smoking are harmful to health.
Schooling has Smaller or Insignificant Effects on Adult Health in the US than Suggested by Cross-Sectional Associations: New Estimates Using Relatively Large Samples of Identical Twins
"... Adult health outcomes and health behaviors generally are strongly associated with schooling attainment. But such associations do not necessarily imply that schooling has causal effects on health outcomes and behaviors of the magnitudes of the associations. Schooling may be proxying for unobserved fa ..."
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Adult health outcomes and health behaviors generally are strongly associated with schooling attainment. But such associations do not necessarily imply that schooling has causal effects on health outcomes and behaviors of the magnitudes of the associations. Schooling may be proxying for unobserved factors that are related to genetics and family background. Recently several studies have used within-identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins methods to control for those unobserved factors that are shared completely by identical twins. Estimates based on relatively small samples for the US, as well as some larger samples for other countries, suggest that causal impacts of schooling on health outcomes and behaviors are insignificant or much smaller than suggested by cross-sectional associations. This study contributes new estimates of cross-sectional associations and within-MZ causal effects of twins using three relatively large US samples: Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry, Minnesota Twin Registry and NAS-NRC Twin Registry of WWII Military Veterans. The estimates suggest that schooling is significantly associated with numerous health outcomes and behaviors in the US. However if within-MZ twins estimators are used to control for unobserved factors, there is no causal
