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341
Reexamining the Cluster Hypothesis: Scatter/Gather on Retrieval Results
, 1996
"... We present Scatter/Gather, a cluster-based document browsing method, as an alternative to ranked titles for the organization and viewing of retrieval results. We systematically evaluate Scatter/Gather in this context and find significant improvements over similarity search ranking alone. This resul ..."
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Cited by 480 (5 self)
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We present Scatter/Gather, a cluster-based document browsing method, as an alternative to ranked titles for the organization and viewing of retrieval results. We systematically evaluate Scatter/Gather in this context and find significant improvements over similarity search ranking alone. This result provides evidence validating the cluster hypothesis which states that relevant documents tend to be more similar to each other than to non-relevant documents. We describe a system employing Scatter/Gather and demonstrate that users are able to use this system close to its full potential. 1 Introduction An important service offered by an information access system is the organization of retrieval results. Conventional systems rank results based on an automatic assessment of relevance to the query [20]. Alternatives include graphical displays of interdocument similarity (e.g., [1, 22, 7]), relationship to fixed attributes (e.g., [21, 14]), and query term distribution patterns (e.g., [12]). I...
TextTiling: Segmenting text into multi-paragraph subtopic passages
- Computational Linguistics
, 1997
"... TextTiling is a technique for subdividing texts into multi-paragraph units that represent passages, or subtopics. The discourse cues for identifying major subtopic shifts are patterns of lexical co-occurrence and distribution. The algorithm is fully implemented and is shown to produce segmentation t ..."
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Cited by 458 (2 self)
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TextTiling is a technique for subdividing texts into multi-paragraph units that represent passages, or subtopics. The discourse cues for identifying major subtopic shifts are patterns of lexical co-occurrence and distribution. The algorithm is fully implemented and is shown to produce segmentation that corresponds well to human judgments of the subtopic boundaries of 12 texts. Multi-paragraph subtopic segmentation should be useful for many text analysis tasks, including information retrieval and summarization. 1.
Information visualization and visual data mining.
- IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
, 2002
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Grouper: A Dynamic Clustering Interface to Web Search Results
, 1999
"... Users of Web search engines are often forced to sift through the long ordered list of document "snippets" returned by the engines. The IR community has explored document clustering as an alternative method of organizing retrieval results, but clustering has yet to be deployed on most major ..."
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Cited by 309 (2 self)
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Users of Web search engines are often forced to sift through the long ordered list of document "snippets" returned by the engines. The IR community has explored document clustering as an alternative method of organizing retrieval results, but clustering has yet to be deployed on most major search engines. The NorthernLight search engine organizes its output into "custom folders" based on pre-computed document labels, but does not reveal how the folders are generated or how well they correspond to users' interests. In this paper, we introduce Grouper -- an interface to the results of the HuskySearch meta-search engine, which dynamically groups the search results into clusters labeled by phrases extracted from the snippets. In addition, we report on the first empirical comparison of user Web search behavior on a standard ranked-list presentation versus a clustered presentation. By analyzing HuskySearch logs, we are able to demonstrate substantial differences in the number of documents f...
Information retrieval on the Web
- ACM Computing Surveys
, 2000
"... In this paper we review studies of the growth of the Internet and technologies that are useful for information search and retrieval on the Web. We present data on the Internet from several different sources, e.g., current as well as projected number of users, hosts, and Web sites. Although numerical ..."
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Cited by 95 (0 self)
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In this paper we review studies of the growth of the Internet and technologies that are useful for information search and retrieval on the Web. We present data on the Internet from several different sources, e.g., current as well as projected number of users, hosts, and Web sites. Although numerical figures vary, overall trends cited
Using thumbnails to search the Web
, 2001
"... We introduce a technique for creating novel, textuallyenhanced thumbnails of Web pages. These thumbnails combine the advantages of image thumbnails and text summaries to provide consistent performance on a variety of tasks. We conducted a study in which participants used three different types of sum ..."
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Cited by 86 (2 self)
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We introduce a technique for creating novel, textuallyenhanced thumbnails of Web pages. These thumbnails combine the advantages of image thumbnails and text summaries to provide consistent performance on a variety of tasks. We conducted a study in which participants used three different types of summaries (enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries) to search Web pages to find several different types of information. Participants took an average of 67, 86, and 95 seconds to find the answer with enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries, respectively. We found a strong effect of
Aspect Windows, 3-D Visualizations, and Indirect Comparisons of Information Retrieval Systems
, 1998
"... We built two Information Retrieval systems that were targeted for the TREC-6 "aspect oriented " retrieval track. The systems were built to test the usefulness of different visualizations in an interactive IR setting---in particular, an "aspect window" for the chosen task, and a 3 ..."
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Cited by 67 (4 self)
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We built two Information Retrieval systems that were targeted for the TREC-6 "aspect oriented " retrieval track. The systems were built to test the usefulness of different visualizations in an interactive IR setting---in particular, an "aspect window" for the chosen task, and a 3-D visualization of document inter-relationships. We studied 24 users of the system in order to investigate: whether the systems were more effective than a control system, whether experienced users outperformed novices, whether spatial reasoning ability was a good predictor of effective use of 3-D, and whether the systems could be compared indirectly via a control system. Our results show substantial differences in user performance are related to spatial reasoning ability and to a lesser degree other traits. We also obtained markedly different results from the direct and indirect comparisons. 1 Introduction We are interested in building and evaluating high quality information retrieval and organization tools....
Interface and Data Architecture for Query Preview in Networked Information Systems
, 1997
"... There are numerous problems associated with formulating queries on networked information systems. These include increased data volume and complexity, accompanied by slow network access. This paper proposes a new approach to a network query user interfaces that consists of two phases: query preview a ..."
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Cited by 64 (10 self)
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There are numerous problems associated with formulating queries on networked information systems. These include increased data volume and complexity, accompanied by slow network access. This paper proposes a new approach to a network query user interfaces that consists of two phases: query preview and query refinement. This new approach is based on the concepts of dynamic queries and query previews, which guides users in rapidly and dynamically eliminating undesired records, reducing the data volume to a manageable size, and refining queries locally before submission over a network. Examples of two applications are given: a Restaurant Finder and a prototype for NASA's Earth Observing Systems--Data Information Systems (EOSDIS). Data architecture is discussed and user feedback is presented. Final version 2 Keywords: user interface, direct manipulation, dynamic query, information system, metadata, query preview, query refinement, science data, NASA EOSDIS. 1. INTRODUCTION The explorat...
The Word Tree, an Interactive Visual Concordance
- IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
"... Abstract — We introduce the Word Tree, a new visualization and information-retrieval technique aimed at text documents. A word tree is a graphical version of the traditional "keyword-in-context " method, and enables rapid querying and exploration of bodies of text. In this paper we describ ..."
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Cited by 61 (2 self)
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Abstract — We introduce the Word Tree, a new visualization and information-retrieval technique aimed at text documents. A word tree is a graphical version of the traditional "keyword-in-context " method, and enables rapid querying and exploration of bodies of text. In this paper we describe the design of the technique, along with some of the technical issues that arise in its implementation. In addition, we discuss the results of several months of public deployment of word trees on Many Eyes, which provides a window onto the ways in which users obtain value from the visualization. Index Terms—Text visualization, document visualization, Many Eyes, case study, concordance, information retrieval, search.
A knowledge-based search engine powered by Wikipedia
- Proc. of CIKM
, 2007
"... This paper describes Koru, a new search interface that offers effective domain-independent knowledge-based information retrieval. Koru exhibits an understanding of the topics of both queries and documents. This allows it to (a) expand queries automatically and (b) help guide the user as they evolve ..."
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Cited by 58 (5 self)
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This paper describes Koru, a new search interface that offers effective domain-independent knowledge-based information retrieval. Koru exhibits an understanding of the topics of both queries and documents. This allows it to (a) expand queries automatically and (b) help guide the user as they evolve their queries interactively. Its understanding is mined from the vast investment of manual effort and judgment that is Wikipedia. We show how this open, constantly evolving encyclopedia can yield inexpensive knowledge structures that are specifically tailored to expose the topics, terminology and semantics of individual document collections. We conducted a detailed user study with 12 participants and 10 topics from the 2005 TREC HARD track, and found that Koru and its underlying knowledge base offers significant advantages over traditional keyword search. It was capable of lending assistance to almost every query issued to it; making their entry more efficient, improving the relevance of the documents they return, and narrowing the gap between expert and novice seekers.
