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automation for an impoverished logic, and others that feature expressive logics but only limited automation. PVS attempts to tread the middle ground between these two classes by providing mechanical assistance to support clear and abstract specifications, and readable yet sound proofs for difficult theorems

The Kalman filter(KF) is one of the most widely used methods for tracking and estimation due to its simplicity, optimality, tractability and robustness. However, the application of the KF to nonlinear systems can be difficult. The most common approach is to use the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF

This paper presents a simple discrete-time model for valumg optlons. The fundamental econonuc principles of option pricing by arbitrage methods are particularly clear In this setting. Its development requires only elementary mathematics, yet it contains as a special limiting case the celebrated

Multi-threaded programming is difficult and error prone. It is easy to make a mistake in synchronization that produces a data race, yet it can be extremely hard to locate this mistake during debugging. This paper describes a new tool, called Eraser, for dynamically detecting data races in lock

The Internet is rapidly growing in number of users, traffic levels, and topological complexity. At the same time it is increasingly driven by economic competition. These developments render the characterization of network usage and workloads more difficult, and yet more critical. Few recent

. Related problems in other fields have been tackled using Monte Carlo methods based on sampling using Markov chains, providing a rich array of techniques that can be applied to problems in artificial intelligence. The "Metropolis algorithm" has been used to solve difficult problems in statistical

Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism

into the interdependencies between technical aspects of the work itself and the broader social milieu in which the work is done Yet for all its merit, the socio-technical systems approach provides few explicit specifications of how (and under what circumstances) the work itself and the social surroundings affect one

in the write protocol and by using read and write quorums of different sizes. Since engineering a reliable network layer on an unreliable network is difficult, two other possibilities must be explored. The first is to strengthen the model by allowing synchronous networks that use time-outs to identify failed