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42,945
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
, 1990
"... ABSTRACT Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain microvasculature with imag ..."
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Cited by 648 (1 self)
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to localized spectroscopy (2) and chemical shift imaging (3) that are applicable to many chemical species, MRI of water protons has been functionally extended to NMR angiography (4), perfusion imaging It has previously been demonstrated (8, 9) that the presence of deoxyhemoglobin in blood changes the proton
Letter to the Editor Up to Their Necks in Hot Water: Body Temperature and the BAC/BrAC Ratio To the Editor:
"... temperature on the breath alcohol result remains a “hot ” issue in drinking and driving litigation, and the in vitro blood experiments that have shown an approximately 6.5 % increase in alcohol vapor concentration for every 1.0°C increase in blood temperature have routinely been applied dogmatically ..."
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and Hayward (3), which showed an increase in BrAC of 8.62 % for each 1°C increase in body temperature. This study is, however, problematic in a number of areas because of the artificial nature of increasing body temperature by immersing the nine male subjects up to their necks in stirred water heated up to 42
Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s coral reefs
- Marine and Freshwater Research
, 1999
"... Sea temperatures in the tropics have increased by almost 1oC over the past 100 years and are currently increasing at the rate of approximately 1-2oC per century. Reef-building corals, which are central to healthy coral reefs, are currently living close to their thermal maxima. They become stressed i ..."
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Cited by 428 (16 self)
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if exposed to small slight increases (1-2oC) in water temperature and experience coral bleaching. Coral bleaching occurs when the photosynthetic symbionts of corals (zooxanthellae) become increasing vulnerable to damage by light. The resulting damage leads to the expulsion of these important organisms from
Data structure for soft objects
- Visual Computer
, 1986
"... We:introduce the concept of soft objects whose shape changes in response to their surroundings. Established geometric modelling techniques exist to handle most engineering components, including 'free form ' shapes such as car bodies and telephones. More recently, there has been a lot of in ..."
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Cited by 315 (25 self)
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We:introduce the concept of soft objects whose shape changes in response to their surroundings. Established geometric modelling techniques exist to handle most engineering components, including 'free form ' shapes such as car bodies and telephones. More recently, there has been a lot
2005 A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic ?18O records. Paleoceanography 20: PA1003
- Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea. Marine Geology
, 2005
"... [1] We present a 5.3-Myr stack (the ‘‘LR04’ ’ stack) of benthic d 18 O records from 57 globally distributed sites aligned by an automated graphic correlation algorithm. This is the first benthic d 18 O stack composed of more than three records to extend beyond 850 ka, and we use its improved signal ..."
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Cited by 304 (4 self)
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of d 18 O from 2.7–1.6 Ma is primarily a deep-water temperature signal and that the phase of d 18 O precession response changed suddenly at 1.6 Ma.
A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes
- Ecol. Modell
, 1988
"... Running, S.W. and Coughlan, J.C., 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecol. Modelling, 42: 125-154. An ecosystem process model is described that calculates the carbon, water and ni ..."
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Cited by 291 (13 self)
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Running, S.W. and Coughlan, J.C., 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecol. Modelling, 42: 125-154. An ecosystem process model is described that calculates the carbon, water
Chlorpyrifos hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Research Service. Biological Report
, 1988
"... Abstract Paraquat (1,1' -dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) and its dichloride salt (1,1', dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride) are broad-spectrum contact plant killers and herbage desiccants that were introduced commercially during the past 25 years. Today, they rank among the most ..."
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Cited by 279 (1 self)
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or drinking water containing 40 mg/L. Adverse effects in sensitive mammals were observed at dietary levels of 85 -100 mg/kg ration and higher or 100 mg/L in drinking water. Acute oral LD50 values for sensitive species of birds were near 200 mg/kg body weight and, for mammals, 22 -35 mg/kg body weight. Humans
Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
- Psychological Science.
, 1993
"... F or good reasons, economists have had a long-standing preference for studying peoples' revealed preferences; that is, looking at individuals' actual choices and decisions rather than their stated intentions or subjective reports of likes and dislikes. Yet people often make choices that b ..."
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Cited by 284 (7 self)
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at 14°Celsius, and the average dropped to about 6.50 over the next 30 seconds, as the temperature of the water was gradually raised to 15°C. At the end of an experiment, individuals can be asked to evaluate their experience as a whole. Such a retrospective report can be thought of as representing
Effective Energy Function for Proteins in Solution
, 1999
"... A Gaussian solvent-exclusion model for the solvation free energy is developed. It is based on theoretical considerations and parametrized with experimental data. When combined with the CHARMM 19 polar hydrogen energy function, it provides an effective energy function (EEF1) for proteins in solution. ..."
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Cited by 259 (16 self)
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, and a distance-dependent dielectric constant is used to approximate the charge--charge interactions in solution. The resulting EEF1 is subjected to a number of tests. Molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature of several proteins in their native conformation are performed, and stable
G.: Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components
- Science
, 1998
"... Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed s ..."
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Cited by 248 (6 self)
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solar ra-diation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, re-flecting the influence of physical and ecological processes. The spatial and temporal distributions of ocean NPP are consistent with primary limitation by light, nutrients, and temperature. On land, water limitation
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