"... In PAGE 28: ...large districts across the state, but small sample sizes would make this an uninformative exercise with the exception of Los Angeles. Therefore Table9 reports results for third-grade achievement in the state as a whole, Los Angeles Unified school district, the next five largest districts combined, and all districts other than Los Angeles. Note that at least one third of schools in teach of the six largest districts adopted CSR late, providing the necessary conditions for a decline in teacher quality between 1997 and 1999.... In PAGE 28: ... In combination with the very small sample sizes, this limits the value of dividing the sample for this part of the analysis. The results in Table9 suggest that high percentage black and high percentage low income schools in LA Unified suffered large declines in mathematics achievement in response to CSR regardless of whether teacher characteristics are included in the regressions. Specifically, the interaction term between percent black and class size is nearly twice as large in LA Unified as in the state as a whole (see Table 5), and the low income interaction is also positive and statistically significant.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ...transpiration of tules in the Central Valley is about 2642 mm of water annually and the transpiration of cattails is about 2286 mm annually (Young and Blaney 1942). Riparian forest, composed of medium tall to tall broad-leaved deciduous trees, occupied natural river levees and accounted for approximately 8% of the total area of the Central Valley ( Table1 ). The composition of the native riparian forests is uncer- tain (Griffin 1977), but Thompson (1961) provides an excellent review of historical accounts and Kuch- ler (1977) suggests that cottonwood (Populus frernontii) was the dominant species.... In PAGE 4: ... The native vegetation in the Central Valley in- cluded two mesophytic vegetation types, the Cali- fornia prairie and the valley oak savanna (Kuchler 1977). The pristine California prairie accounted for the largest area of pre-agricultural vegetation in the region ( Table1 ). It covered about 63% of the Cen- tral Valley and was over four times larger in area than the tule marsh which was the next largest vege- tation type.... In PAGE 5: ... Although consumptive use by native vegetation on drying soil varies within a given vegetation type in response to local climate, soil, and drainage differences (Miller 1977), data for a representative site provide a reasonable basis for estimating the areal moisture flux. Representative evapotranspiration from meso- phytic vegetation is lower than evapotranspiration for hydrophytes and riparian vegetation by as much as a factor of eight ( Table1 ). The significantly low- er evapotranspiration flux for these plants is the product of differences in plant physiology (Linacre 1976) and the reduced availability of moisture to plants during the dry summer months.... In PAGE 5: ... Annual eva- potranspiration from the valley grassland is esti- mated to be 282 mm since it occurred in areas where precipitation was moderately limiting (Major 1977). The other mesophytic vegetation type, valley oak savanna, covered 204,000 ha and accounted for the smallest area of native vegetation in the Central Valley ( Table1 ). This vegetation type is character- ized by valley oak (Quercus lobata) growing in groups or singly and towering above an underlying California prairie cover.... In PAGE 5: ... The evapotranspiration for this mesophytic vegetation is estimated to be 600 mm which com- bines the limited moisture available to the grasses and the unlimited moisture available to the scat- tered oaks (MacGillivray 1975). San Joaquin saltbrush is the fifth major native vegetation type in the Central Valley ( Table1 ). This xerophytic vegetation commonly occupied poorly drained alkali soils in the arid southern and western portions of the Tulare subbasin and a comparative- ly small area of the central San Joaquin subbasin.... In PAGE 5: ... The large ex- panse of mesophytic California prairie accounted for another 25% of the total evapotranspiration flux. Although the tule marsh was the dominant source of evapotranspiration for the Delta and Tulare subbasins, its contribution to total evapo- transpiration was slightly less in the San Joaquin subbasin and lower still in the Sacramento subbasin ( Table1 ). The larger areas of riparian forest and California prairie in the Sacramento and San Joa- quin subbasins compensated for the higher rate of evapotranspiration by the tule marsh.... In PAGE 6: ... This agricultural land was previously forests, marsh and overflow land, grasslands, and alkali flats (Harding 1960; Thompson 1961). The greatest expanse of surviving native vegeta- tion is in the Sacramento subbasin and the smallest area is in the San Joaquin subbasin ( Table1 ). The greatest conversion of land from native vegetation to irrigated agriculture has occurred in the Tulare subbasin where native vegetation has been reduced to about 27% of its pre-agricultural area.... In PAGE 6: ... The greatest conversion of land from native vegetation to irrigated agriculture has occurred in the Tulare subbasin where native vegetation has been reduced to about 27% of its pre-agricultural area. California prairie continues to be the most ex- pansive native vegetation throughout the Central Valley even though its area has been reduced to about 46% of its original coverage ( Table1 ). The present-day prairie occurs as a ring around the Cen- tral Valley that increases in size from south to north.... In PAGE 6: ... San Joaquin saltbrush has been replaced by ir- rigated crops on all but the most alkaline soils in the arid southern end of the Central Valley. Today, saltbrush occupies about one-fourth the area of its pre-agricultural habitat, but nearly 90% of the salt- brush is in the Tulare subbasin ( Table1 ). The rela- tively flat valley floor in the San Joaquin and Tulare subbasins occupied by San Joaquin salt- brush was easily converted to agriculture as soon as irrigation water became available.... In PAGE 6: ... The irrigated acreage in these subbasins today accounts for more than one-half of the irrigated land in California (McCorkle and Nuckton 1983). Irrigated agriculture has nearly eliminated the valley oak savanna from is native areas in the Tulare subbasin ( Table1 ). Although valley oak savanna accounted for the smallest area of the five native vegetation types in the Central Valley, it has experienced the greatest relative reduction in area.... In PAGE 9: ... In general, na- tive vegetation has been replaced less extensively in the northern section of the valley than in the southern portion. The present landscape in the Sacramento subbasin has the largest area of native vegetation and the Delta subbasin has the third lar- gest area ( Table1 ). Although the Tulare subbasin has the largest total land area, its present area of na- tive vegetation is only 60,000 ha larger than the areal expanse of native vegetation in the Delta sub- basin.... In PAGE 9: ... This does not suggest, however, that irrigated agriculture has not altered the landscape in this sub- basin. A significant component of the change in na- tive vegetation has been a 52% reduction in tule marsh ( Table1 ) which has resulted from the crea- tion of islands protected by levees. The cultivated land on the leveed islands was previously covered by water for most or all of the year.... In PAGE 9: ... The Tulare subbasin represents the most severe change in vegetation resulting from the introduc- tion of irrigated agriculture. Only about 27% of the subbasin area is still inhabited by native vegetation ( Table1 ). Irrigated crops occupy all of the land that was once riparian forest and all but a small percen- tage of the valley oak savanna habitat.... In PAGE 9: ... Changing the vegetation structure of the Central Valley has altered the transfer of moisture to the at- mosphere, but there are several surprising facets to the change in evapotranspiration. In the pre- agricultural landscape, the largest evapotranspira- tion flux was provided by the Tulare subbasin and was supported largely by the expanse of tule marsh ( Table1 ). The arid conditions in this subbasin make such a large volume of evapotranspiration unex- pected.... In PAGE 9: ... The change in evapotranspiration in the Delta subbasin is notable also. In this case, evapotranspi- ration for the irrigated landscape is less than evapotranspiration for the pre-agricultural land- scape by about 1,000 hm3 ( Table1 ). This is the result of tule marsh and riparian forest being replaced by irrigated crops which use less water than the native vegetation.... ..."

"... In PAGE 34: ... Altered composition and quality aspects Vegetable oils For about a decade, GM has been used to alter the fatty acid composition of crops, to increase the ways in which they can be used. Examples are shown in Table9 . Most of these are still in the experimental phase.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... Analysis of the data at this time only allows division of communities based on the dominant tree species which are: paper birch, green ash, Rocky Mountain juniper, ponderosa pine, cottonwood, quaking as- pen and bur oak. The mean number of species encountered in each vegetation layer varies among stands ( Table1 ). The tree canopy of most Table 1.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... vi Captions for Tables and Figures Tables Table1 . Measures of the vegetation structure and plant species composition recorded in the Nanangroe Study.... In PAGE 14: ...ypes (e.g. Er, 1995; Prober and Thiele, 1995; Haddon and Westbrooke, 1996; Arnold and Weeldenberg, 1998). ! The woodland remnants in the study region vary in their physical condition, location (hilltops versus midslopes etc), and many other attributes (see Table1 ) making it possible to sample a broad range of environmental conditions and, in turn, model the relationships between species occurrence and these covariates. ... In PAGE 19: ... 11 Vegetation plots measuring 10m x 10m in size were established at the 0m, 50m, 100m, 150m, and 200m points along the marked transect at each site. The measures recorded at each plot are summarised in Table1 . In addition, permanent photographic points were established at the 0m and 100m points along each transect, providing an extensive library of images of vegetation cover and ... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... These species broadly explain the six main vegetation classes produced by TWINSPAN, the first dichotomy separating observations by the dominance of Festuca eskia. Additionally, the group named G in Table2 was segregated on the second dichotomy, being formed by only four observations and none of its six species are above the 5% of mean relative abun- dance. For that reason it was not considered as a class.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ....2.2. Moderately degraded vegetation, Acacia Due to extensive anthropic activities, the dense vegetation changes into open vegetation of Acacia zanzibarica. Species composition shifts towards an increase of dwarf shrubs, forbs, grasses and sedges (see Table3 ), while the average cover varies from 65 to 70%. Trees and woody shrubs layer decrease to 39qo.... ..."