We present a framework for statistical machine translation of natural languages based on direct maximum entropy models, which contains the widely used source -channel approach as a special case. All knowledge sources are treated as feature functions, which depend on the source language

, communicating through channels and (or) shared variables [34, 26]. Typical application areas in...

There are two fundamental ways to view coupled systems of chemical equations: as continuous, represented by differential equations whose variables are concentrations, or as discrete, represented by stochastic processes whose variables are numbers of molecules. Although the former is by far more

. The problem of generating a shared secret key S by two parties knowing dependent random variables X and Y , respectively, but not sharing a secret key initially, is considered. An enemy who knows the random variable Z, jointly distributed with X and Y according to some probability distribution

A direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow is performed. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically at a Reynolds number of 3300, based on thc mean centreline velocity and channel half-width, with about 4 x los grid points (192 x 129 x 160 in 2, y, 2). All essential

A long-standing difficulty for connectionist modeling has been how to represent variable-sized recursive data structures, such as trees and lists, in fixed-width patterns. This paper presents a connectionist architecture which automatically develops compact distributed representations

Estimating the impact of economic conditions on the likelihood of civil conflict is difficult because of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We use rainfall variation as an instrumental variable for economic growth in 41 African countries during 1981–99. Growth is strongly negatively related

We show that equity market liberalizations, on average, lead to a one percent increase in annual real economic growth over a five-year period. The effect is robust to alternative definitions of liberalization and does not reflect a business cycle effect. The channel of growth is both increased

The paper extends previous analysis of closed-economy inflation targeting to a small open economy with forward-looking aggregate supply and demand with some microfoundations, and with stylized realistic lags in the different transmission channels for monetary policy. The paper compares targeting

Abstract- This paper provides a general treatment of pri-vacy amplification by public discussion, a concept introduced by Bennett, Brassard, and Robert for a special scenario. Privacy amplification is a process that allows two parties to distill a secret key from a common random variable about