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In ubiquitous textual password schemes, users choose passwords that contain predictable characteristics that are roughly equated with what users find easy to recall. This motivates us to examine user choice in graphical passwords to determine whether predictable characteristics exist that may

charge. A system optimum is achieved when users ’ choices of charges and the network’s choice of allocated rates are in equilibrium. 1

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In a mixed initiative system for solving a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), both the user and the system make choices in trying to find a solution. These choices typically involve deciding what values to assign to variables. A desirable property in mixed initiative systems is that they commit

Collaborative filters help people make choices based on the opinions of other people. GroupLens is a system for collaborative filtering of netnews, to help people find articles they will like in the huge stream of available articles. News reader clients display predicted scores and make it easy

consumers are inundated with choices. Electronic retailers and content providers offer a huge selection of products, with unprecedented opportunities to meet a variety of special needs and tastes. Matching consumers with the most appropriate products is key to enhancing user satisfaction and loyalty

In almost all computer applications, users must enter correct words for the desired objects or actions. For success without extensive training, or in first-tries for new targets, the system must recognize terms that will be chosen spontaneously. We studied spontaneous word choice for objects

of the mobile users (i.e., a mobility model). This paper is a survey of mobility models that are used in the simulations of ad hoc networks. We describe several mobility models that represent mobile nodes whose movements are independent of each other (i.e., entity mobility models) and several mobility models

Decision support applications involve complex queries on very large databases. Since response times should be small, query optimization is critical. Users typically view the data as multidimensional data cubes. Each cell of the data cube is a view consisting of an aggregation of interest, like