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Sequence Logos: A New Way to Display Consensus Sequences

by homas D. Schneider, Thomas D. Schneider, R. Michael Stephens - Nucleic Acids Res , 1990
"... INTRODUCTION A logo is "a single piece of type bearing two or more usually separate elements" [1]. In this paper, we use logos to display aligned sets of sequences. Sequence logos concentrate the following information into a single graphic [2]: 1. The general consensus of the sequences. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 638 (27 self) - Add to MetaCart
INTRODUCTION A logo is "a single piece of type bearing two or more usually separate elements" [1]. In this paper, we use logos to display aligned sets of sequences. Sequence logos concentrate the following information into a single graphic [2]: 1. The general consensus of the sequences

Pseudo-Random Generation from One-Way Functions

by Johan Håstad, Russell Impagliazzo, Leonid A. Levin, Michael Luby - PROC. 20TH STOC , 1988
"... Pseudorandom generators are fundamental to many theoretical and applied aspects of computing. We show howto construct a pseudorandom generator from any oneway function. Since it is easy to construct a one-way function from a pseudorandom generator, this result shows that there is a pseudorandom gene ..."
Abstract - Cited by 887 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
Pseudorandom generators are fundamental to many theoretical and applied aspects of computing. We show howto construct a pseudorandom generator from any oneway function. Since it is easy to construct a one-way function from a pseudorandom generator, this result shows that there is a pseudorandom

New Directions in Cryptography

by Whitfield Diffie, Martin E. Hellman , 1976
"... Two kinds of contemporary developments in cryptography are examined. Widening applications of teleprocessing have given rise to a need for new types of cryptographic systems, which minimize the need for secure key distribution channels and supply the equivalent of a written signature. This paper sug ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3499 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Two kinds of contemporary developments in cryptography are examined. Widening applications of teleprocessing have given rise to a need for new types of cryptographic systems, which minimize the need for secure key distribution channels and supply the equivalent of a written signature. This paper

Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality

by Gerd Gigerenzer, Daniel G. Goldstein - Psychological Review , 1996
"... Humans and animals make inferences about the world under limited time and knowledge. In contrast, many models of rational inference treat the mind as a Laplacean Demon, equipped with unlimited time, knowledge, and computational might. Following H. Simon’s notion of satisficing, the authors have prop ..."
Abstract - Cited by 583 (28 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the real world do not need to satisfy the classical norms of rational inference. Organisms make inductive inferences. Darwin (1872/1965) observed that people use facial cues, such as eyes that waver and lids that hang low, to infer a person’s guilt. Male toads, roaming through swamps at night, use

The New Science of Management Decision

by Simon, Stuart M. Dillon - In Proceedings of the 33 rd Conference of the Operational Research Society of New Zealand , 1960
"... Classical theories of choice emphasise decision making as a rational process. In general, these theories fail to recognise the formulation stages of a decision and typically can only be applied to problems comprising two or more measurable alternatives. In response to such limitations, numerous desc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 529 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
descriptive theories have been developed over the last forty years, intended to describe how decisions are made. This paper presents a framework that classifies descriptive theories using a theme of comparison; comparisons involving attributes, alternatives and situations. The paper also reports on research

Understanding and Using Context

by Anind K. Dey - Personal and Ubiquitous Computing , 2001
"... Context is a poorly used source of information in our computing environments. As a result, we have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways that context can be used by contex ..."
Abstract - Cited by 836 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Context is a poorly used source of information in our computing environments. As a result, we have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways that context can be used

A New Kind of Science

by Stephen Wolfram , 2002
"... “Somebody says, ‘You know, you people always say that space is continuous. How do you know when you get to a small enough dimension that there really are enough points in between, that it isn’t just a lot of dots separated by little distances? ’ Or they say, ‘You know those quantum mechanical amplit ..."
Abstract - Cited by 850 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
“Somebody says, ‘You know, you people always say that space is continuous. How do you know when you get to a small enough dimension that there really are enough points in between, that it isn’t just a lot of dots separated by little distances? ’ Or they say, ‘You know those quantum mechanical amplitudes you told me about, they’re so complicated and absurd, what makes you think those are right? Maybe they aren’t right. ’ Such remarks are obvious and are perfectly clear to anybody who is working on this problem. It does not do any good to point this out.” —Richard Feynman [1, p.161]

Experiments with a New Boosting Algorithm

by Yoav Freund, Robert E. Schapire , 1996
"... In an earlier paper, we introduced a new “boosting” algorithm called AdaBoost which, theoretically, can be used to significantly reduce the error of any learning algorithm that consistently generates classifiers whose performance is a little better than random guessing. We also introduced the relate ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2176 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
In an earlier paper, we introduced a new “boosting” algorithm called AdaBoost which, theoretically, can be used to significantly reduce the error of any learning algorithm that consistently generates classifiers whose performance is a little better than random guessing. We also introduced

A new learning algorithm for blind signal separation

by S. Amari, A. Cichocki, H. H. Yang - , 1996
"... A new on-line learning algorithm which minimizes a statistical de-pendency among outputs is derived for blind separation of mixed signals. The dependency is measured by the average mutual in-formation (MI) of the outputs. The source signals and the mixing matrix are unknown except for the number of ..."
Abstract - Cited by 614 (80 self) - Add to MetaCart
A new on-line learning algorithm which minimizes a statistical de-pendency among outputs is derived for blind separation of mixed signals. The dependency is measured by the average mutual in-formation (MI) of the outputs. The source signals and the mixing matrix are unknown except for the number

The Science of Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian Perspective

by Richard Clarida, Jordi Galí, Mark Gertler - Journal of Economic Literature , 1999
"... “Having looked at monetary policy from both sides now, I can testify that central banking in practice is as much art as science. Nonetheless, while practicing this dark art, I have always found the science quEite useful.” 2 Alan S. Blinder ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1809 (45 self) - Add to MetaCart
“Having looked at monetary policy from both sides now, I can testify that central banking in practice is as much art as science. Nonetheless, while practicing this dark art, I have always found the science quEite useful.” 2 Alan S. Blinder
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