The urban space in South Africa is increasingly becoming a troubled terrain of xenophobic violence. In recent years xenophobia has emerged as one of the major contributing factors to urban violence in several African countries and the phenomenon is becoming an urban management challenge

school graduates and non-completers in Los Angeles. Interviews reveal urban violence is the most salient feature of urban neighborhoods and consequential for school completion. In an effort to avoid victimization male youth exposed to urban violence draw on male peer ties for protection. Inherent

applied urban research unit within the College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Its mission is to create, disseminate, and apply interdisciplinary knowledge on urban areas. Faculty from UIC and elsewhere work collaboratively on urban issues

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Urban violence and humanitarian

Urban violence has reached record level in many nations, and having devastating impact on people’s health and livelihood as well as economic prospects. Today, for millions of people around the world, violence, or the fear of violence, is a daily reality. In Mexico since the year 2006 the northern

Urban poor have suffered significantly from structural adjustment through reduction in employment creation and downward pressure on real wages. The precarious effects of fluctuation in the formal and informal sectors on urban men and women are seldom noticed in the upsurge of urban violence

Even though rates have declined in recent years, violence is a serious problem inmanyAmerican cities. This paper reviews recent perspectives on violence among young, urbanAfricanAmericanmales. Special attention is afforded the “father absent ” hypothesis, the effect of poverty, the character

significantly more media and institutional attention than forms that primarily occur in the private sphere. The favelas (slums) of Rio de Janeiro are an ideal case study since they are renowned for high levels of urban violence, where the high death rates among young black men from the favelas are a source

equivalent of 'combat fatigue, ' i.e., a further overloading of the ego because of the constancy of real dangers ' (Meers & Gordon, 1975, p. 586). These socioenvironmentally induced stress reactions in urban children are what I refer to as urban violence traumatic stress