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Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States

by Lewis M. Cowardin, Virginia Carter, Francis C. Golet, Wildlife Service - FWS/OBS79/31. USDI, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Service. 103 , 1979
"... This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by ..."
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by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats. Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined

2004), Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters

by Bert Rudels, E. Peter Jones, Ursula Schauer, Patrick Eriksson - Polar Res
"... Data obtained during the last 20 years from selected hydrographic sta-tions throughout the Arctic Ocean basins and at the continental slopes and northern parts of the surrounding shelf seas are examined to esti-mate the contribution of Atlantic water to the upper part of the Arctic Ocean water colum ..."
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Data obtained during the last 20 years from selected hydrographic sta-tions throughout the Arctic Ocean basins and at the continental slopes and northern parts of the surrounding shelf seas are examined to esti-mate the contribution of Atlantic water to the upper part of the Arctic Ocean water

Vertical diffusivity of the Western Arctic Ocean halocline

by William J. Shaw, Timothy P. Stanton
"... Abstract A nearly year-long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature micro-structure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes porti ..."
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Abstract A nearly year-long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature micro-structure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes

Vertical diffusivity of the Western Arctic Ocean halocline

by Shaw William J, T. P. Stanton, Þÿj. geophys. res, William J. Shaw, Timothy P. Stanton , 2014
"... Abstract A nearly year-long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature micro-structure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes porti ..."
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Abstract A nearly year-long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature micro-structure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes

Cold halocline in the northern California Current: An invasion of subarctic water

by Howard J. Freel, Germaine Gatien, Adriana Huyer, Robert L. Smith , 2003
"... [1] Subsurface upper ocean waters off Oregon and Vancouver Island were about 1C cooler in July 2002 than in July 2001. The anomalously cool layer coincides with the permanent halocline which has salinities of 32.2 to 33.8, suggesting an invasion of nutrient-rich Subarctic waters. The anomalously coo ..."
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[1] Subsurface upper ocean waters off Oregon and Vancouver Island were about 1C cooler in July 2002 than in July 2001. The anomalously cool layer coincides with the permanent halocline which has salinities of 32.2 to 33.8, suggesting an invasion of nutrient-rich Subarctic waters. The anomalously

Weak vertical diffusion allows maintenance of cold halocline in the central Arctic

by Ilker Fer
"... Abstract In spring preceding the record minimum summer ice cover detailed microstructure measurements were made from drifting pack ice in the Arctic Ocean, 110 km from the North Pole. Profiles of hydrography, shear, and temperature microstructure collected in the upper water column covering the core ..."
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Abstract In spring preceding the record minimum summer ice cover detailed microstructure measurements were made from drifting pack ice in the Arctic Ocean, 110 km from the North Pole. Profiles of hydrography, shear, and temperature microstructure collected in the upper water column covering

Eddy transport of organic carbon and nutrients from the Chukchi Shelf: Impact on the upper halocline of the western Arctic Ocean

by Jeremy T. Mathis, Robert S. Pickart, Dennis A. Hansell, David Kadko, Nicholas R. Bates - Journal of Geophysical Research , 2007
"... [1] In September 2004 a detailed physical and chemical survey was conducted on an anticyclonic, cold-core eddy located seaward of the Chukchi Shelf in the western Arctic Ocean. The eddy had a diameter of 16 km and was centered at a depth of 160 m between the 1000 and 1500 m isobaths over the contine ..."
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mechanism for transport of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients directly into the upper halocline of the Canada Basin. Nutrient concentrations in the eddy core were elevated compared to waters of similar density in the deep Canada Basin: silicate (+20 mmol L 1), nitrate (+5 mmol L 1), and phosphate (+0.4 mmol L 1

Living below the halocline: strategies of deep-living species in the highly stratified brackish Bornholm Basin

by Jan Schulz, Hans-jürgen Hirche
"... The Baltic Sea is the largest brackish water area of the world. On the basis of the data from 16 cruises, we show the seasonal and vertical distribution patterns of the appendicularians Fritillaria borealis, Oikopleura dioica and the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis, in the highly stratified Bornho ..."
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Bornholm Basin. These species live at least temporarily below the permanent halocline and use different life strategies to cope with the brackish environment. The cold-water species F. borealis is abundant in the upper layers of the water column before the thermocline develops. With the formation

NOTES AND COMMENT CONCENTRATIONOF PARTICULATE CARBOHYDRATEATTHE HALOCLINE

by In Chesapeake Bays
"... Organic matter in water occurs in true solution, colloidal solution, and suspension. Suspended carbohydrate in the water column is divided into living matter and detritus. Of the detritus, some is produced in the area and some comes in from other areas. The particulate carbohydrate, in either form, ..."
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Organic matter in water occurs in true solution, colloidal solution, and suspension. Suspended carbohydrate in the water column is divided into living matter and detritus. Of the detritus, some is produced in the area and some comes in from other areas. The particulate carbohydrate, in either form

Mass and salt transfers and halocline depths in an estuary

by unknown authors , 1975
"... The paper considers fluxes of brackish and ocean water out of and into an estuary as well as the depth of the halocline in the estuary. The discussion ignores the details of the mass distribution and circulations in the main body of the estuary (except for the halocline depth) and concentrates on de ..."
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The paper considers fluxes of brackish and ocean water out of and into an estuary as well as the depth of the halocline in the estuary. The discussion ignores the details of the mass distribution and circulations in the main body of the estuary (except for the halocline depth) and concentrates
Results 1 - 10 of 5,825