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In defense of unrealistic assumptions

by Satoshi Kanazawa - Sociological Theory , 1998
"... I argue that a theory’s assumptions always are and ought to be unrealistic. Further, we should attempt to make them more unrealistic in order to increase a theory’s fruitfulness. Many sociologists believe that a theory’s assumptions ought to be empirically realistic. I contend that this criticism pr ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
I argue that a theory’s assumptions always are and ought to be unrealistic. Further, we should attempt to make them more unrealistic in order to increase a theory’s fruitfulness. Many sociologists believe that a theory’s assumptions ought to be empirically realistic. I contend that this criticism

Unrealistic Assumptions in Rational Choice Theory

by Aki Lehtinen, Jaakko Kuorikoski - Philosophy of the Social Sciences , 2007
"... The most common argument against the use of rational choice models outside economics is that they make unrealistic assumptions about individual behav-ior. We argue that whether the falsity of assumptions matters in a given model depends on which factors are explanatorily relevant. Since the explanat ..."
Abstract - Cited by 6 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
The most common argument against the use of rational choice models outside economics is that they make unrealistic assumptions about individual behav-ior. We argue that whether the falsity of assumptions matters in a given model depends on which factors are explanatorily relevant. Since

1 UNREALISTIC ASSUMPTIONS IN RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY

by Aki Lehtinen, Jaakko Kuorikoski
"... The most common argument against the use of rational choice models outside economics is that they make unrealistic assumptions about individual behavior. We argue that whether the falsity of assumptions matters in a given model depends on which factors are explanatorily relevant. Since the explanato ..."
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The most common argument against the use of rational choice models outside economics is that they make unrealistic assumptions about individual behavior. We argue that whether the falsity of assumptions matters in a given model depends on which factors are explanatorily relevant. Since

Unifying Approaches and Removing Unrealistic Assumptions In Shape in Shape From Shading: Mathematics can help

by Emmanuel Prados, Olivier Faugeras , 2004
"... This article proposes a solution of the Lambertian Shape From Shading (SFS) problem by designing a new mathematical framework based on the notion of viscosity solutions. The power of our approach is twofolds: 1) it defines a notion of weak solutions (in the viscosity sense) which does not neces ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
This article proposes a solution of the Lambertian Shape From Shading (SFS) problem by designing a new mathematical framework based on the notion of viscosity solutions. The power of our approach is twofolds: 1) it defines a notion of weak solutions (in the viscosity sense) which does not necessarily require boundary data. Note that, in the previous SFS work of Rouy et al. [23, 15], Falcone et al.

unrealistic

by Alessandro Ferrarini
"... Although studies about climate change impacts on plant species are often published on prestigious journals, in particular when they deal with broad areas and numerous species, in this manuscript I advance my doubts on their methodological robustness and, as a consequence, on their results. In partic ..."
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Although studies about climate change impacts on plant species are often published on prestigious journals, in particular when they deal with broad areas and numerous species, in this manuscript I advance my doubts on their methodological robustness and, as a consequence, on their results. In particular I focus my attention on two major drawbacks, i.e. the need for a) nonlinear community-based models instead of species-based ones, and b) for the replacement of the potential niche with the future niche in predictive models.

The Sybil Attack

by John Douceur, Judith S. Donath , 2002
"... Large-scale peer-to-peer systems face security threats from faulty or hostile remote computing elements. To resist these threats, many such systems employ redundancy. However, if a single faulty entity can present multiple identities, it can control a substantial fraction of the system, thereby unde ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1518 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
undermining this redundancy. One approach to preventing these "Sybil attacks" is to have a trusted agency certify identities. This paper shows that, without a logically centralized authority, Sybil attacks are always possible except under extreme and unrealistic assumptions of resource parity

Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses

by Daphna Oyserman, Heather M. Coon, Markus Kemmelmeier - Psychological Bulletin , 2002
"... Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IN ..."
Abstract - Cited by 484 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IND-COL on self-concept, well-being, cognition, and relationality. European Americans were found to be both more individualistic—valuing personal independence more—and less collectivistic—feeling duty to in-groups less—than others. However, European Americans were not more individualistic than African Americans, or Latinos, and not less collectivistic than Japanese or Koreans. Among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivistic. Moderate IND-COL effects were found on self-concept and relationality, and large effects were found on attribution and cognitive style. To contemporary Americans, being an individualist is not only a good thing; it is a quintessentially American thing. However, the term individualism itself appears to have its roots outside of the North American continent, namely in the French Revolution. It appears that individualism was first used to describe the negative

Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health

by Shelley E. Taylor, Jonathon D. Brown - Psychological Bulletin , 1988
"... Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are charact ..."
Abstract - Cited by 923 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism

Capacity Limits of MIMO Channels

by Andrea Goldsmith, Syed Ali Jafar, Nihar Jindal, Sriram Vishwanath - IEEE J. SELECT. AREAS COMMUN , 2003
"... We provide an overview of the extensive recent results on the Shannon capacity of single-user and multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Although enormous capacity gains have been predicted for such channels, these predictions are based on somewhat unrealistic assumptions about t ..."
Abstract - Cited by 409 (17 self) - Add to MetaCart
We provide an overview of the extensive recent results on the Shannon capacity of single-user and multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Although enormous capacity gains have been predicted for such channels, these predictions are based on somewhat unrealistic assumptions about

Text Classification from Labeled and Unlabeled Documents using EM

by Kamal Nigam, Andrew Kachites Mccallum, Sebastian Thrun, Tom Mitchell - MACHINE LEARNING , 1999
"... This paper shows that the accuracy of learned text classifiers can be improved by augmenting a small number of labeled training documents with a large pool of unlabeled documents. This is important because in many text classification problems obtaining training labels is expensive, while large qua ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1033 (19 self) - Add to MetaCart
, and probabilistically labels the unlabeled documents. It then trains a new classifier using the labels for all the documents, and iterates to convergence. This basic EM procedure works well when the data conform to the generative assumptions of the model. However these assumptions are often violated in practice
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