What is the causal effect of group membership on voter turnout? Extensive research on voting has documented a positive association between membership in groups like unions and participation in elections. But it is widely recognized that existing studies provide limited evidence on whether

Abstract We examine the impact of unionization on the innovation activities of firms by exploiting a novel database of union elections. Firm innovation output, measured by patent counts and citations, declines significantly after firms elect to unionize and increases significantly for firms

Published with the support of the EU Commission. The Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series

To outline the arrangements for union encouragement in Queensland Health. 2 APPLICATION This policy applies to all Queensland Health employees and unions. 3 GUIDELINES Guidelines may be developed to facilitate implementation of this policy. The guidelines must be consistent with this policy. 4

but require at least two participants and do not offer students the type of individualized assistance and guidance available in an ITS. A simulated learning companion, acting as a peer in an intelligent tutoring environment ensures the availability of a collaborator and encourages the student to learn

Avant-propos La réforme du secteur de la sécurité (RSS) est aujourd’hui un concept central, que la communauté internationale s’efforce de développer afin d’encourager sa mise en œuvre. Il se fonde sur la nécessité d'une approche cohérente pour promouvoir stabilité et développement dans des

and their employers but rather the result of collective agreements. Hence, some workers (especially women and recent immigrants) may wish to work longer than the median union voter, but will be constrained by CMR.

The Soviet ruling elite, the nomenklatura, used both cooption and political repression to encourage loyalty to the communist regime. Loyalty was critical both in defusing internal opposition to the rule of the nomenklatura and in either deterring or defeating foreign enemies of the Soviet Union

brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique world partnership: over 1000 members in all, spread across some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve

’ at the workplace. The alleged efficiency gains accrue through a reduction in quits as unions collect information about the preferences of all workers, and through a union governance or job-regulatory apparatus that better monitors labour’s effort input while encouraging co-operation between workers