between 1/4 and 1/3 of the total rise of the unemployment rate in the U.K. since 2007. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. 9

The 2014 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook reviews recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD and key emerging economies. It zooms in on how the crisis has affected earnings, provides country comparisons of job quality, examines the causes and consequences of non-regular employment, and estimates the impact of qualifications and skills on labour market outcomes. For further information: www.oecd.org/employment/outlook

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This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Economics Faculty Works by an

Comparison of robust detection techniques for local outliers in multivariate spatial data

Asymmetric behavior has been documented in the time series properties of the U.S. quarterly unemployment rate by several authors. Using the Ramsey and Rothman (1996) Time Reversibility (TR) test, this paper shows that the unemployment rate is Type I time irreversible, i.e., the source of the time

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