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Robust Real-time Object Detection

by Paul Viola, Michael Jones - International Journal of Computer Vision , 2001
"... This paper describes a visual object detection framework that is capable of processing images extremely rapidly while achieving high detection rates. There are three key contributions. The first is the introduction of a new image representation called the “Integral Image ” which allows the features ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1184 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
used by our detector to be computed very quickly. The second is a learning algorithm, based on AdaBoost, which selects a small number of critical visual features and yields extremely efficient classifiers [6]. The third contribution is a method for combining classifiers in a “cascade ” which allows

View-Based and Modular Eigenspaces for Face Recognition

by Alex Pentland, Baback Moghaddam, Thad Starner - IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION & PATTERN RECOGNITION , 1994
"... In this work we describe experiments with eigenfaces for recognition and interactive search in a large-scale face database. Accurate visual recognition is demonstrated using a database of o(10^3) faces. The problem of recognition under general viewing orientation is also explained. A view-based mul ..."
Abstract - Cited by 781 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
-based multiple-observer eigenspace technique is proposed for use in face recognition under variable pose. In addition, a modular eigenspace description technique is used which incorporates salient features such as the eyes, nose, mouth, in a eigenfeature layer. This modular representation yields higher

Random forests

by Leo Breiman, E. Schapire - Machine Learning , 2001
"... Abstract. Random forests are a combination of tree predictors such that each tree depends on the values of a random vector sampled independently and with the same distribution for all trees in the forest. The generalization error for forests converges a.s. to a limit as the number of trees in the fo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3613 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the forest becomes large. The generalization error of a forest of tree classifiers depends on the strength of the individual trees in the forest and the correlation between them. Using a random selection of features to split each node yields error rates that compare favorably to Adaboost (Y. Freund & R

The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes.

by Pierre Collin-Dufresne , Robert S Goldstein , J Spencer Martin , Gurdip Bakshi , Greg Bauer , Dave Brown , Francesca Carrieri , Peter Christoffersen , Susan Christoffersen , Greg Duffee , Darrell Duffie , Vihang Errunza , Gifford Fong , Mike Gallmeyer , Laurent Gauthier , Rick Green , John Griffin , Jean Helwege , Kris Jacobs , Chris Jones , Andrew Karolyi , Dilip Madan , David Mauer , Erwan Morellec , Federico Nardari , N R Prabhala , Tony Sanders , Sergei Sarkissian , Bill Schwert , Ken Singleton , Chester Spatt , René Stulz - Journal of Finance , 2001
"... ABSTRACT Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are ..."
Abstract - Cited by 422 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
, lev 5 Since debt levels are reported quarterly, linear interpolation is used to estimate monthly debt figures. We note that previous studies of yield changes have often used the firm's equity return to proxy for changes in the firm's health, rather than changes in leverage. For robustness

Partial parsing via finite-state cascades

by Steven Abney - Natural Language Engineering , 1996
"... Finite-state cascades represent an attractive architecture for parsing unrestricted text. Deterministic parsers specified by finite-state cascades are fast and reliable. They can be extended at modest cost to construct parse trees with finite feature structures. Finally, such deterministic parsers d ..."
Abstract - Cited by 340 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
Finite-state cascades represent an attractive architecture for parsing unrestricted text. Deterministic parsers specified by finite-state cascades are fast and reliable. They can be extended at modest cost to construct parse trees with finite feature structures. Finally, such deterministic parsers

BRIEF: Binary robust independent elementary features

by Michael Calonder, Vincent Lepetit, Pascal Fua , 2010
"... We propose to use binary strings as an efficient feature point descriptor, which we call BRIEF. We show that it is highly discriminative even when using relatively few bits and can be computed using simple intensity difference tests. Furthermore, the descriptor similarity can be evaluated using the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 208 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
We propose to use binary strings as an efficient feature point descriptor, which we call BRIEF. We show that it is highly discriminative even when using relatively few bits and can be computed using simple intensity difference tests. Furthermore, the descriptor similarity can be evaluated using

Contracting auto-encoders: Explicit invariance during feature extraction

by Salah Rifai, Pascal Vincent, Xavier Muller, Xavier Glorot, Yoshua Bengio - In Proceedings of the Twenty-eight International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML’11 , 2011
"... We present in this paper a novel approach for training deterministic auto-encoders. We show that by adding a well chosen penalty term to the classical reconstruction cost function, we can achieve results that equal or surpass those attained by other regularized autoencoders as well as denoising auto ..."
Abstract - Cited by 77 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
auto-encoders on a range of datasets. This penalty term corresponds to the Frobenius norm of the Jacobian matrix of the encoder activations with respect to the input. We show that this penalty term results in a localized space contraction which in turn yields robust features on the activation layer

Explicit Invariance During Feature Extraction

by Contractive Auto-encoders
"... We present in this paper a novel approach for training deterministic auto-encoders. We show that by adding a well chosen penalty term to the classical reconstruction cost func-tion, we can achieve results that equal or sur-pass those attained by other regularized auto-encoders as well as denoising a ..."
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auto-encoders on a range of datasets. This penalty term corresponds to the Frobenius norm of the Jacobian matrix of the encoder activations with respect to the input. We show that this penalty term results in a localized space contraction which in turn yields robust fea-tures on the activation layer

Learning invariant features through local space contraction

by Salah Rifai, Xavier Muller, Xavier Glorot, Yoshua Bengio, Pascal Vincent , 2011
"... We present in this paper a novel approach for training deterministic auto-encoders. We show that by adding a well chosen penalty term to the classical reconstruction cost function, we can achieve results that equal or surpass those attained by other regularized auto-encoders as well as denoising aut ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
auto-encoders on a range of datasets. This penalty term cor-responds to the Frobenius norm of the Jacobian matrix of the encoder activations with respect to the input. We show that this penalty term re-sults in a localized space contraction which in turn yields robust features on the activation layer

Fast and Robust Classification using Asymmetric AdaBoost and a Detector Cascade

by Paul Viola, Michael Jones - Advances in Neural Information Processing System 14 , 2001
"... This paper develops a new approach for extremely fast detection in domains where the distribution of positive and negative examples is highly skewed (e.g. face detection or database retrieval). In such domains a cascade of simple classifiers each trained to achieve high detection rates and modes ..."
Abstract - Cited by 145 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
and modest false positive rates can yield a final detector with many desirable features: including high detection rates, very low false positive rates, and fast performance. Achieving extremely high detection rates, rather than low error, is not a task typically addressed by machine learning algorithms.
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