"... In PAGE 4: ... In order for a hierar- chical torus to save energy, the following inequality must hold ER9 a29 N 2v a4 v 2 a31 a26 ER5 a6 N 2 a21 Na3 vER5 a18 ER9a5 a16 v2ER9 which is equivalent to v a16 ER9 ER5 (4) N a16 v2ER9 vER5 a18 ER9 (5) Inequality (4) determines the minimal express interval for a hier- archical torus to achieve better energy efficiency than a 2-D torus, and inequality (5) determines the minimal network size for a certain express interval. Table3 lists the minimal express interval and corre- sponding minimal network size in the form of a3 va25 Nmina5 . Table 3: Minimal express interval and corresponding minimal network size for hierarchical tori, in the form of a3 va25 Nmina5 .... In PAGE 4: ... Table 3 lists the minimal express interval and corre- sponding minimal network size in the form of a3 va25 Nmina5 . Table3 : Minimal express interval and corresponding minimal network size for hierarchical tori, in the form of a3 va25 Nmina5 . Linear load Constant load buffer size 4-flit 16-flit 4-flit 16-flit 0.... In PAGE 5: ... For hierarchical tori and express cubes, ER9 ER5 is also the minimal express interval. From Table3 and 5, the minimal express interval switches between 2 and 3 at 35nm technology for different load mod- els, so which topology is better depends on which load model is closer to reality. 4.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... Each of these tradeoff based FPMs takes the form output (desired performance) divided by input (traded off attribute). Table2 shows the three functions and six Functional Performance Metrics (FPMs) for measuring progress in information technology we examine in this paper. There are other possible FPMs for each of the three cases we study here based on the tradeoffs or limitations that the technology must overcome to be more useful.... ..."

"... In PAGE 10: ... The USARIEM research is directed at ensuring that scientific soundness and further ensuring the protection and enhancement of the health and performance of all warfighters. The USARIEM research effort with thrust areas and core capabilities aligned with near and far term applications is captured in Table5 . Current efforts to understand the fundamental metabolic processes underlying the responses to operational stressors, most importantly the neurophysiological responses that affect cognitive, psychomotor, and emotional status, are critical investments in the health and performance of the future Soldier.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... In this approach, functional performance metrics based on tradeoffs are chosen in a manner similar to that done in previous work on quantitative technological progress and thus the approach is quite closely related to much previous work [2-6]. The first distinction of the broad functional approach from this previous work is that rather than choose metrics specifically important in a single underlying technology (or even more narrowly for specific embodiments of the technology), metrics are chosen for each of the functional categories shown in Table1 [7-11] which is a slightly modified version of a similar table in reference [1]. The second distinction is that for these broad functional categories, data is examined for much longer time periods (typically gt; 100 years when data is available) than is usual in other quantitative technological progress studies.... In PAGE 3: ... Thus motivated by fundamental technical as well as social history interests, the functional category approach was extended to energy technologies. We study the same three operations as previously but now for the energy operand (the bolded, italicized categories in Table1 ). The empirical assessment reported here examines the long-term trends of progress in energy technologies in a manner consistent with the functional framework.... In PAGE 3: ... The empirical assessment reported here examines the long-term trends of progress in energy technologies in a manner consistent with the functional framework. In doing this, we examine the time dependence of various functional performance metrics, explore whether different possible metrics in a given functional category yield similar progress trends and compare progress rates in the three operational categories for energy Place Table1... In PAGE 17: ... Although the FPMs do reflect key tradeoffs in the technologies in the constellations , they are not the only tradeoffs that could be important in designing technological artifacts or systems. In addition, the results considered have not covered all of Table1 and we do not propose that Table 1 fully covers all technical functions of importance. Despite these caveats, we believe that the results thus far are worth considering in light of the importance of the six functional categories studied and because the FPMs do reflect a first approximation to increases in the value of technological artifacts.... ..."

"... In PAGE 20: ...cf. Eq. (40) in Section 6), and the e!ects on factor demand and costs are much less di!erent, as shown in Table 3. From Table3 , it can be seen that the annual decrease of total costs due to technological progress has been 0.6% in both 1948 and 1971.... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... However, the progress of the technology for semiconductor is remarkable, and that does not deny the feasibility in the near future. For example, Table2 shows the technology road map for ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) [16]. The road map predicts that the chip frequency improves twice or more for 8 years.... ..."