simultaneous alternative hypotheses. Extensions to the Kalman filter to handle multiple data associations work satisfactorily in the simple case of point targets, but do not extend naturally to continuous curves. A new, stochastic algorithm is proposed here, the Condensation algorithm --- Conditional

of the target gene relative to some reference group The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantifica-such as an untreated control or a sample at time zero tion and relative quantification. Absolute quantification deter- in a

as well as rapid quantification results. But accurate quantification of nucleic acids requires a reproducible methodology and an adequate mathematical model for data analysis. This study enters into the particular topics of the relative quantification in real-time RT–PCR of a target gene transcript

can handle situations where the back-ground of the scene is cluttered and not completely static but contains small motions such as tree branches and bushes. The model estimates the probability of observing pixel intensity values based on a sample of intensity values for each pixel. The model adapts

of program-mer convenience. This is particularly true when the target machine is a programmable DSP chip. However, the runtime overhead inherent in most LGDF implementations is not required for most signal processing systems because such systems are mostly synchronous (in the DSP sense). Synchronous data

A new real-time obstacle avoidance method for mobile robots has been developed and implemented. This method, named the vector field histogram(VFH), permits the detection of unknown obstacles and avoids collisions while simultaneously steering the mobile robot toward the target. The VFH method uses

This paper describes a method for synthesizing images that match the texture appearanceof a given digitized sample. This synthesis is completely automatic and requires only the "target" texture as input. It allows generation of as much texture as desired so that any object can be covered

of extracting a relation for such a data type from all of these sources automatically. We present a technique which exploits the duality between sets of patterns and relations to grow the target relation starting from a small sample. To test our technique we use it to extract a relation of (author,title) pairs

Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleBackground In forensic cases involving unidentified bodies often the only sources of DNA for identification are the calcified tissues- bones and teeth. Teeth are a valuable source of DNA [1,2] due to their unique composition and location in the jawbone both of which provide protection from microorganisms and environmental factors responsible for postmortem decay. Surprisingly, little is known about the location of, nor antemortem and postmortem changes in, DNA in teeth. While pulp is recognised as the richest source of DNA in healthy fresh teeth [3] its value is decreased in life by age [4] and dental disease and in death by postmortem degradation (Figure 1). In an ideal dry postmortem environment pulp may mummify [5] and persist for extended periods but in a moist

4.2.2 A regular pattern 5 4.2.3 A combined approach 5