Abstract – Dither theory gives the condition of unbiasedness for non-subtractive dither, which can only be fulfilled with continuousamplitude dithers. However, within a computer or a DSP, only digital dither can be used. A condition was given also for digital dither, however, the condition

We study error statistics of lattice quantization with and without vector dithering. As in the scalar case, we distinguish between subtractive and nonsubtractive dithering. We derive general expressions for appropriate error statistics in both cases. In subtractive dithering, we can achieve

is presented for the analysis of multibit quantizing systems. Dithering is examined as a means for eliminating signal-dependent quanti-zation errors, and subtractive and non-subtractive dithered systems are thoroughly explored within the established theoretical framework. Of primary interest are the

, and then redesign the precoders and predictors in the GMD transform coders to tackle the second. We propose two dithered GMD transform coders: the GMD subtractive dithered transform coder (GMD-SD) where the decoder has access to the dither information and the GMD nonsubtractive dithered transform coder (GMD

subbands with pyramid vector quantization and lowest tempo-spatial band with a DPCM coding in time and space. To improve the visual quality of reconstructed video, different types of subtractive and non-subtractive dithering of pyramid vector quantizers were experimented and its effectiveness was proved

subtractive dither, and the quantizer output is entropy coded. The rate-distortion performance, and the trade-off between the sampling rate and the quantization accuracy is investigated, utilizing the observation that the coding scheme is equivalent to an additive noise channel. It is shown that the mean

A theoretical survey of multibit quantization is presented, beginning with the classical model of undithered quantization and proceeding to modern statistical models of un-dithered, subtractively dithered, and nonsubtractively dithered quantizing systems. Properties of the error and output signals

are based upon the use of subtractively dithered uniform scalar quantizers. We consider the number of quantization levels, N, to be given and fixed, which lends itself to fixed-rate encoding, and focus on the cases in which N is insufficient to avoid overload. In order to guarantee the stability

, amplitude scaling in combination with additive noise. First we derive the probability density function of the watermarked and attacked data in the absence of subtractive dither. Next we extend these models to incorporate subtractive dither in the encoder. The dither sequence is primarily used for security

Estimation problems with bounded, uniformly distributed noise arise naturally in reconstruction problems from over complete linear expansions with subtractive dithered quantization. We present a simple recursive algorithm for such bounded-noise estimation problems. The mean-square error (MSE