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Table 5. Maximum radial tensile thermal stresses induced in camera window.
Table 6. Maximum tangential tensile thermal stresses induced in camera window.
Table 3. Thermal Stress Induced 90 Crack Density of [+q n/-q n/902n]s constraint ply angle
"... In PAGE 20: ... It was certain that they were not a result of cutting individual specimens, as was verified by marking the location of each crack on each specimen and piecing the panels together again to see that cracks were continuous from one specimen to the next. A summary of the thermal stress-induced crack density in the 90 plies of each [+q n/-q n/902n]s laminate is given in Table3 . In the columns labeled r the crack spacing a is divided by the thickness, d, of the 90 ply block.... ..."
Table 2. Turkey(a) Test of Group Comparisons of Daily Mean Number of Food Pellets Delivered to Animals in
in Gastric Ulcers in the Rat as a Function of the Temporal Relationship Between Punishment and Reward
"... In PAGE 5: ... Since restriction of consummatory activity is related to development of stress-induced ulcers (4, 10-14), the argument could be advanced that the greater incidence of ulcers manifested by E-S experimental rats was due to signifi- cantly fewer food-pellet rewards. Data from Table2 , however, do not support that argu- ment, since the E-S rats obtained significantly greater numbers of food-pellet rewards as compared to H-S and FD-S animals. Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol.... In PAGE 8: ... The parameters involved in the development of ulcers in the rumen or body are unclear and require further investigation. Data from Table2 illustrated that the high incidence of ulcer in E-S experimental rats could not be completely attributed to reduced food intake since these rats actually received more food-pellet rewards. However, since all treatments were programmed to deliver half as many shock events for all feeding events, E-S rats also received more shocks than rats in the other treatment conditions.... ..."
(Table 1). CREG (cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes), that is up-regulated in L4 workers, is a secreted glycoprotein. In humans, it antagonizes cellular transfor- mation by E1A and ras [23]. CRC encodes a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate ATF4, a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. This protein (CRC) participates in a conserved mecha- nism of sensing amino acid deprivation and stress induc- tion [24]. Thus, the up-regulation of tor in prospective queen larvae and of creg and crc in prospective worker lar- vae may constitute a dual system of growth determination in response to differential feeding in honeybees.
2007
"... In PAGE 5: ... This phenomenon is additionally aggravated in queen larvae, whose development is shifted towards a general growth. Differentially expressed genes related to the most conspicuous caste characteristics Within the physiometabolic category there are some DEGs encoding metabolic enzymes and also genes whose products are known to regulate the rate of mass-trans- forming processes and the general growth of the organism (Table1 ). Conversely, many genes that are well-character- ized in D.... In PAGE 5: ... melanogaster and in other model organisms may underlie processes leading to the development of caste- biased structures. For example, genes participating in neu- rogenesis, leg development, apoptosis, and genes coding for components of the cellular matrix (Table1 ). The pro- tein sequences of 81 DEGs clustered by functional groups were searched against a protein domains database (Pfam), as an additional support for the putative biological roles assigned by homology to the Drosophila apos;s counterparts (Table 1).... In PAGE 5: ... For example, genes participating in neu- rogenesis, leg development, apoptosis, and genes coding for components of the cellular matrix (Table 1). The pro- tein sequences of 81 DEGs clustered by functional groups were searched against a protein domains database (Pfam), as an additional support for the putative biological roles assigned by homology to the Drosophila apos;s counterparts (Table1 ). The first three processes mentioned above are the basis for the respective morphological differences favoring the worker caste, thus defining the adult skills early in development: learning and memory, pollen and propolis collection, and a reduced reproductive capacity.... In PAGE 5: ... As expected, the ratios typically used to evaluate the relative size of specific brain areas versus the body size support the notion that workers have bigger and more developed mushroom bodies than queens [26,2]. We found that five genes encoding proteins that participate in neural system development in Drosophila and in verte- brates (dac, atx2, shot, ephR and fax) are up-regulated in developing worker larvae (Table1 ). Since the nervous sys- tem in queens and workers begins to differentiate during post-embryonic stages [26] these five genes are candidates for molecular determinants of the observed morphologi- Page 5 of 19 (page number not for citation purposes) or chaperon binding proteins and ribosomal and proteas-... In PAGE 10: ... Taken together, all these genes are likely to participate in the regulatory processes underlying the differential reproductive capacity of honeybee queens and workers. Other genes differentially expressed between developing queens and workers Several DEGs that are up-regulated in worker larvae code for cytoskeleton constituents (Table1 ). Among these are genes encoding myosin II heavy chain (mhc), actin, (act5C), troponin T, and the genes upheld, shot, lva and ank2.... In PAGE 12: ... We hypothesized that the groups of DEGs sharing common expression patterns might be used to infer putative clusters of co-regulated genes by means of computational analyses of DNA-sequence motifs [50-52]. A motif discovery pipeline was run on 19 sets of func- tional groups (Table1 ) and on two sets of top10 DEGs observed in the L4 stage (Table 2). Nine sets of genes show significant differences in the distribution of motif scores when compared to control (random) sets [see Additional file 2].... ..."
Table 5. Peak thermal stresses in face sheets of sandwich panel; = 900 F, = 200 F (yield stress =
in Thermostructural Behavior of a Hypersonic Aircraft Sandwich Panel Subjected to Heating on One Side
"... In PAGE 14: ...Peak Stress Summary Table5 lists the peak values of the thermal stresses { , , } (positive or negative) induced in the upper and lower face sheets of the sandwich panel. Table 6 lists the peak values of the transverse shear stresses { , } induced in the sandwich core.... ..."
Table 1: The heart rates (beats per minute) during autonomic function tests.
"... In PAGE 2: ... In the other tests, changes in MFM parameters were evaluated only qualitatively. 3 Results Table1 shows the mean change in heart rate during different interventions. Valsalva maneuver and men- tal stress induced highest elevations in the heart rate.... ..."
Table 6. Peak transverse shear stresses in sandwich core; = 900 F, = 200 F.
in Thermostructural Behavior of a Hypersonic Aircraft Sandwich Panel Subjected to Heating on One Side
"... In PAGE 14: ...Peak Stress Summary Table 5 lists the peak values of the thermal stresses { , , } (positive or negative) induced in the upper and lower face sheets of the sandwich panel. Table6 lists the peak values of the transverse shear stresses { , } induced in the sandwich core. CONCLUSIONS Finite-element thermal stress analyses were performed on a titanium honeycomb-core sandwich panel supported at its edges under four different edge conditions, and heated on one side under both flat and dome-shaped temperature profiles.... ..."
Table 4. Cluster 0 is Enriched for Supercoiling-Dependent Gene Regulation
2003
"... In PAGE 4: ... These calculations demonstrate that at all score cut- offs, only cluster 0 is statistically enriched for supercoiling- dependent transcription (Fig. 3B and Table4 ). Given the func- tional significance of cluster 0 in osmoprotectant synthesis and stress adaptation (Table 3), we propose that negative su- percoiling is a physiologically necessary activation signal for osmotically induced transcription.... In PAGE 4: ... Several lines of evidence indicate that rpoS, encoding the stationary phase/stress-activated H9268 fac- tor H9268S, may be a partner in this interaction (Hengge-Aronis 1996). First, rpoS is a member of cluster 0, and by our assay, shows supercoiling-dependent regulation (see Table4 ). In addition, the rpoS tran- script has a short half-life that is dramati- cally stabilized by high osmolarity (Muf- fler et al.... In PAGE 6: ... These include a genome-wide characterization of the osmotic shock response and tentative as- signments for 60 uncharacterized genes in this transcriptional pro- gram. The 30 genes in cluster 0 with supercoiling-dependent transcrip- tion ( Table4 ) should expand the number of gene targets available for future study of this regulatory mechanism. Gmuender et al.... ..."
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