-outs are long. We show how to extend an existing Byzantine Quorum protocol to eliminate its dependency on reliable networking and to handle message loss and retransmission explicitly.

exponentially fast in the length of the code with arbitrarily small loss in rate.) Conversely, transmitting at rates above this capacity the probability of error is bounded away from zero by a strictly positive constant which is independent of the length of the code and of the number of iterations performed

Acknowledgement (SACK) option [RFC2018], and modifications that respond to "partial acknowledgments" (ACKs which cover new data, but not all the data outstanding when loss was detected) in the absence of SACK. The NewReno mechanism described in this document describes a specific algorithm for responding

An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of ``normal'' examples with only a small

dispersion of water proton signals is produced at the echo time. This dispersion reduces the signal intensity and the voxel appears dark in the image. These intensity losses, which at high magnetic fields (-4 T) extend significantly beyond the boundary of the blood vessel, are the source of BOLD contrast

if exposed to small slight increases (1-2oC) in water temperature and experience coral bleaching. Coral bleaching occurs when the photosynthetic symbionts of corals (zooxanthellae) become increasing vulnerable to damage by light. The resulting damage leads to the expulsion of these important organisms from

Password-based protocols for authenticated key exchange (AKE) are designed to work despite the use of passwords drawn from a space so small that an adversary might well enumerate, off line, all possible passwords. While several such protocols have been suggested, the underlying theory has been

We lay out a small open economy version of the Calvo sticky price model, and show how the equilibrium dynamics can be reduced to a tractable canonical system in domestic inflation and the output gap. We employ this framework to analyze the macroeconomic implications of three alternative rule

of artificial magnetic resonators (MRs) are unified and the MRs are not split-ring resonators. The optimizing of MRs allows significantly decrease the magnetic losses and broaden the band within which the meta-material becomes a LHM. 1.

vrije Universiteit amsterdam