manipulated formed a single grapheme or formed two separate graphemes. These data are most consistent with the idea that multi-letter graphemes have no special status at the earliest stages of word processing and, therefore, that word recognition is, indeed, driven by the activation of units for individual

A writing treatment protocol was designed for a 75 year-old man with severe Wernicke’s aphasia. Four treatment phases were implemented: (1) a multiple baseline design that documented improvement in single-word writing for targeted words; (2) a clinician-directed home program that increased

We propose a method for determining the canonical phonemic transcription of a word from its orthography using hidden Markov models. In the model, phonemes are the hidden states and graphemes the observations. Apart from one pre-processing step, the model is fully automatic. The paper describes

largely ignored by scientists for more than a century with the exception of a few single case reports. In the present study, we collected detailed self reports on grapheme personification using a questionnaire, providing us with a comprehensive description of the phenomenology of grapheme personification

Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion (GTPC) has been achieved in most European languagesby dictionary look-up or using rules. The application of these methods, however, in the reverse pro-cess, (i.e., in phoneme-to-grapheme conversion [PTGC]) creates serious problems, especially in inflectionally rich

Abstract. In this study evaluation of two self-learning methods (MBL and TBL) on European Portuguese grapheme-to-phone conversion is presented. Combina-tions (parallel and cascade) of the two systems were also tested. The usefulness of syllable information is also investigated. Systems with good

. Additionally, the effect of using n-Best pronunciation variants instead of single best is investigated briefly. Index Terms: grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, G2P, ASR 1.

The graphemic buffer is a working memory component of the spelling system that temporarily stores the sequence of graphemes while each grapheme is written or spelled aloud. We evaluated 331 patients with left hemisphere stroke on oral and written spelling to dictation, and written picture naming

This report confronts the problem of automatic conversion from graphemic to phonetic transcription and vice versa for the Modern Greek language. A single representation is used for both directions of word transformation, based on PC-KIMMO, a development environment originally used

Abstract. In this study evaluation of two self-learning methods (MBL and TBL) on European Portuguese grapheme-to-phone conversion is presented. Combinations (parallel and cascade) of the two systems were also tested. The usefulness of using syllable related information in machine learning