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Refinement of Large Structures by Simultaneous Minimization of Energy and Factor

by Jack Levitt Laboratory, Sum Iijima, A. Jack, M. Levitt - A , 1978
"... crude wire-model coordinates of a small protein is described and evaluated. Introduction Until recently the refinement of macromolecular struc- tures against X-ray diffraction data was a laborious process, involving many comparisons of a model with a difference map, followed by manual correctio ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
to a particular set of `observed' phases; that is, the function minimized is V whereas we should ideally seek to minimize A I h We can approach this ideal with Diamond's method by using a new map for each cycle, the coefficients of which are or Nonetheless, this i

Geodesic Active Contours

by Vicent Caselles, Ron Kimmel, Guillermo Sapiro , 1997
"... A novel scheme for the detection of object boundaries is presented. The technique is based on active contours evolving in time according to intrinsic geometric measures of the image. The evolving contours naturally split and merge, allowing the simultaneous detection of several objects and both in ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1425 (47 self) - Add to MetaCart
A novel scheme for the detection of object boundaries is presented. The technique is based on active contours evolving in time according to intrinsic geometric measures of the image. The evolving contours naturally split and merge, allowing the simultaneous detection of several objects and both

Xen and the art of virtualization

by Paul Barham, Boris Dragovic, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Tim Harris, Alex Ho, Rolf Neugebauer, Ian Pratt, Andrew Warfield - IN SOSP , 2003
"... Numerous systems have been designed which use virtualization to subdivide the ample resources of a modern computer. Some require specialized hardware, or cannot support commodity operating systems. Some target 100 % binary compatibility at the expense of performance. Others sacrifice security or fun ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2010 (35 self) - Add to MetaCart
managed fashion, but without sacrificing either performance or functionality. This is achieved by providing an idealized virtual machine abstraction to which operating systems such as Linux, BSD and Windows XP, can be ported with minimal effort. Our design is targeted at hosting up to 100 virtual machine

Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies

by Kenneth O. Stanley, Risto Miikkulainen - Evolutionary Computation
"... An important question in neuroevolution is how to gain an advantage from evolving neural network topologies along with weights. We present a method, NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT), which outperforms the best fixed-topology method on a challenging benchmark reinforcement learning task ..."
Abstract - Cited by 536 (112 self) - Add to MetaCart
task. We claim that the increased efficiency is due to (1) employing a principled method of crossover of different topologies, (2) protecting structural innovation using speciation, and (3) incrementally growing from minimal structure. We test this claim through a series of ablation studies

Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage

by David L. Donoho, Iain M. Johnstone - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION , 1995
"... We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy, sampled data. We introduce a procedure, SureShrink, which suppresses noise by thresholding the empirical wavelet coefficients. The thresholding is adaptive: a threshold level is assigned to each dyadic resolution level by the princip ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1006 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
by the principle of minimizing the Stein Unbiased Estimate of Risk (Sure) for threshold estimates. The computational effort of the overall procedure is order N log(N) as a function of the sample size N. SureShrink is smoothness-adaptive: if the unknown function contains jumps, the reconstruction (essentially) does

Exploiting choice: Instruction fetch and issue on an implementable simultaneous multithreading processor

by Dean M. Tullsen, Susan J. Eggers, Joel S. Emer , Henry M. Levy, Jack L. Lo, Rebecca L. Stamm - IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE , 1996
"... Simultaneous multithreading is a technique that permits multiple independent threads to issue multiple instructions each cycle. In previous work we demonstrated the performance potential of simultaneous multithreading, based on a somewhat idealized model. In this paper we show that the throughput ga ..."
Abstract - Cited by 382 (37 self) - Add to MetaCart
gains from simultaneous multithreading can be achieved without extensive changes to a conventional wide-issue superscalar, either in hardware structures or sizes. We present an architecture for simultaneous multithreading that achieves three goals: (1) it minimizes the architectural impact

Online Non-clairvoyant Scheduling to Simultaneously Minimize All Convex Functions

by Kyle Fox, Sungjin Im, Janardhan Kulkarni, Benjamin Moseley
"... We consider scheduling jobs online to minimize the objective i∈[n] wig(Ci āˆ’ ri), where wi is the weight of job i, ri is its release time, Ci is its completion time and g is any non-decreasing convex function. Previously, it was known that the clairvoyant algorithm Highest-Density-First (HDF) is (2 + ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
We consider scheduling jobs online to minimize the objective i∈[n] wig(Ci āˆ’ ri), where wi is the weight of job i, ri is its release time, Ci is its completion time and g is any non-decreasing convex function. Previously, it was known that the clairvoyant algorithm Highest-Density-First (HDF) is (2

Refinement of large structures by simultaneous minimization of energy and R factor. Acta Crystallographica A

by A. Jack, M. Levitt , 1978
"... An improved method of crystallographic structure refinement, especially suitabte for large molecules, is described. It is based on simultaneous minimization of a realistic potential-energy function and a crystallographic residual. The method has already proved its worth in the final stages of refine ..."
Abstract - Cited by 14 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
An improved method of crystallographic structure refinement, especially suitabte for large molecules, is described. It is based on simultaneous minimization of a realistic potential-energy function and a crystallographic residual. The method has already proved its worth in the final stages

Multivariate Stochastic Approximation Using a Simultaneous Perturbation Gradient Approximation

by James C. Spall - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL , 1992
"... Consider the problem of finding a root of the multivariate gradient equation that arises in function minimization. When only noisy measurements of the function are available, a stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm of the general Kiefer-Wolfowitz type is appropriate for estimating the root. This p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 318 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
Consider the problem of finding a root of the multivariate gradient equation that arises in function minimization. When only noisy measurements of the function are available, a stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm of the general Kiefer-Wolfowitz type is appropriate for estimating the root

Maximum Battery Life Routing to Support Ubiquitous Mobile Computing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

by C.-K. Toh , 2001
"... Most ad hoc mobile devices today operate on batteries. Hence, power consumption becomes an important issue. To maximize the lifetime of ad hoc mobile networks, the power consumption rate of each node must be evenly distributed, and the overall transmission power for each connection request mus ..."
Abstract - Cited by 338 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
must be minimized. These two objectives cannot be satisfied simultaneously by employing routing algorithms proposed in previous work. In this article we present a new power-aware routing protocol to satisfy these two constraints simultaneously; we also compare the performance of different types
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