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Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late Nineteenth Century

by N. A. Rayner, D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Rowell, E. C. Kent, A. Kaplan - J. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH , 2003
"... ... data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1 ° latitude-longitude g ..."
Abstract - Cited by 539 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
... data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1 ° latitude

Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core,

by J R Petit , J Jouzel , D Raynaud , N I Barkov , J.-M Barnola , I Basile , M Bender , J Chappellaz , M Davisk , G Delaygue , M Delmotte , V M Kotlyakov , M Legrand , V Y Lipenkov , C Lorius , L Pé , C Ritz , E Saltzmank , M Stievenard - Antarctica. Nature , 1999
"... Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles. The succession of changes through each climate cycle and termination was similar, and atmospheric and climate properties oscillated between stable bounds. Inte ..."
Abstract - Cited by 716 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
sea sediments, continental deposits of flora, fauna and loess, and ice cores. These studies have documented the wide range of climate variability on Earth. They have shown that much of the variability occurs with periodicities corresponding to that of the precession, obliquity and eccentricity

When choice is demotivating: can one desire too much of a good thing

by Sheena S. Iyengar - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2000
"... Current psychological theory and research affirm the positive affective and motivational consequences of having personal choice. These findings have led to the popular notion that the more choice, the better--that the human ability omanage, and the human desire for, choice isunlimited. Findings from ..."
Abstract - Cited by 438 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
from 3 experimental studies starkly challenge this implicit assumption that having more choices is necessarily more intrinsically motivating than having fewer. These experiments, which were conducted in both field and laboratory settings, show that people are more likely to purchase gourmet jams

An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate

by Richard W. Reynolds, Nick A. Rayner, Thomas M. Smith, Diane C. Stokes, Wanqiu Wang - J Clim 15:1609–1625. doi , 2002
"... A weekly 18 spatial resolution optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis has been produced at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) using both in situ and satellite data from November 1981 to the present. The weekly product has been available since 1993 a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 391 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
and is widely used for weather and climate monitoring and forecasting. Errors in the satellite bias correction and the sea ice to SST conversion algorithm are discussed, and then an improved version of the OI analysis is developed. The changes result in a modest reduction in the satellite bias that leaves small

On wind and tide induced sea-ice drift on the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island (analysis of radar data)

by George V. Shevchenko, Victor F. Putov
"... ice drift Severe ice conditions are typical for the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island. Sea-ice fields in this region are large, heavy and fast moving ..."
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ice drift Severe ice conditions are typical for the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island. Sea-ice fields in this region are large, heavy and fast moving

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Convention on climate change. http://www.unfccc.de/resource/conv/index.html UNFCCC

by Unfccc Unfccc - Forest Science , 1992
"... The spectre of climate change that is unfolding now is undeniably a cumulative impact of anthropogenic interference in the climate system over the last two centuries. The science is clear and the policy community is being increasingly convinced and galvanised into action to address this emergent cha ..."
Abstract - Cited by 347 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
challenge in light of the associated economic and human dimensions. The impacts of climate change ranging from sea level rise, melting ice caps and glaciers, severe weather events, drought, flooding, warming, subtle changes in ecosystems – will impinge on every aspect of society and economic life. The costs

Age dating and orbital theory of the ice ages: development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy

by Douglas G. Martinson, Nicklas G. Pisras, T James D. Hays, John Imbrie, Theodore C. Moore, Nicholas J. Shackletoni - Quaternary Research , 1987
"... Using the concept of “orbital tuning, ” a continuous, high-resolution deep-sea chronostra-tigraphy has been developed spanning the last 300,000 yr. The chronology is developed using a stacked oxygen-isotope stratigraphy and four different orbital tuning approaches, each of which is based upon a diff ..."
Abstract - Cited by 239 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
Using the concept of “orbital tuning, ” a continuous, high-resolution deep-sea chronostra-tigraphy has been developed spanning the last 300,000 yr. The chronology is developed using a stacked oxygen-isotope stratigraphy and four different orbital tuning approaches, each of which is based upon a

Observational evidence of recent change in the northern high-latitude environment

by M. C. Serreze, J. E. Walsh, F. S. Chapin Iii, T. Osterkamp, M. Dyurgerov, V. Romanovsky, W. C. Oechel, J. Morison - Chapin F S III, Osterkamp T, Dyurgerov M, Romanovsky V, Oechel W C, Morison J, Zhang T and Barry R G , 2000
"... Abstract. Studies from a variety of disciplines document recent change in the northern high-latitude environment. Prompted by predictions of an amplified response of the Arctic to enhanced greenhouse forcing, we present a synthesis of these observations. Pronounced winter and spring warming over nor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 264 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
northern continents since about 1970 is partly compensated by cooling over the northern North Atlantic. Warming is also evident over the central Arctic Ocean. There is a downward tendency in sea ice extent, attended by warming and increased areal extent of the Arctic Ocean’s Atlantic layer. Negative snow

2004: The Community Climate System Model, version 2

by Peter R. Gent, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Leo J. Donner, Marika M. Holland, Elizabeth C. Hunke, Steve R. Jayne, David M. Lawrence, Richard B. Neale, Philip J. Rasch, Mariana Vertenstein, Patrick H. Worley - J. Climate
"... The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently completed and re-leased to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all CCSM components, and docu-ments fully coupled preindustrial control runs compared to the previous version, CCSM3. Using the standar ..."
Abstract - Cited by 217 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
to an improved sim-ulation of theGulf Stream path and the NorthAtlantic Oceanmeridional overturning circulation. Changes to the CCSM4 land component lead to a much improved annual cycle of water storage, especially in the tropics. The CCSM4 sea ice component uses much more realistic albedos than CCSM3

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,

by V Ramanathan , G Carmichael - Nat. Geosci., , 2008
"... Figure 1: Global distribution of BC sources and radiative forcing. a, BC emission strength in tons per year from a study by Bond et al. Full size image (42 KB) Review Nature Geoscience 1, 221 -227 (2008 Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Ant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 228 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
to dimming at the Earth's surface with important implications for the hydrological cycle, and the deposition of black carbon darkens snow and ice surfaces, which can contribute to melting, in particular of Arctic sea ice. Black carbon (BC) is an important part of the combustion product commonly referred
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