Abstract – This paper provides an empirical examination of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, Utah. Our analysis of taxable sales in the counties in which Olympic events took place finds that some sectors such as hotels and restaurants prospered while other retailers such as general

Dynamics of cascade three level system interacting with the classical and quantized field

working in collaboration with local police agencies. This paper presents data from the Salt Lake City study site. The data were collected by The Walsh Group in partnership with the Salt Lake City Police Department and the Center for Human Toxicology at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. An oral

Surgery, and 1)epartmcnt of Microbiology, and from the Veterans Administration Hospital

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of transoral fundoplication

Teachers commonly report voice problems and often seek medical assistance for voice-related complaints. Despite the prevalence of voice disorders within this occupation, there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of treatment pro-grams designed to remedy the voice problems of teachers. To assess the func-tional effects of two voice therapy approaches, 58 voice-disordered teachers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: vocal hygiene (VH, n = 20), vocal function exercises (VFE, n = 19), and a nontreatment control group (CON, n = 19). Subjects completed the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)—an instrument designed to appraise the self-perceived psychosocial consequences of voice disorders—before and following a 6-week treatment phase. The VFE and VH subjects also com-pleted a posttreatment questionnaire regarding the perceived benefits of treat-ment. Only the group who adhered to the VFE regimen reported a significant reduction in mean VHI scores (p <.0002). Furthermore, when compared to the VH group, the exercise group reported more overall voice improvement (p <.05) and greater ease (p <.02) and clarity (p <.01) in their speaking and singing voice after treatment. These findings suggest that the VFE should be considered as a useful alternative or adjunct to vocal hygiene programs in the treatment of voice problems in teachers.

watersheds: A case for expanding the scope of water resource management

Address correspondence:

Are there better ways of getting a student to learn? Getting students to play at learning can encourage comprehension by engaging their attention. Rather than having students ' fascination with video games and entertainment limited to competing against learning, we can direct this interest towards learning computer graphics. We hypothesize that topics having a recreational component increase the learning curve for digital media instruction. To test this, we have offered design media projects with a playful element as a counterpart to more step-by-step descriptive exercises. Four kinds of problems, increasing in difficulty, are discussed in the context of computer aided architectural design education: 1) geometry play, 2) kit of parts, 3) dreams from childhood and 4) transformations. The problems engage the students in different ways: through playing with form, by capturing their imagination and by encouraging interaction. Each type of problem exercises specific design skills while providing practice with geometric modeling and rendering. The problems are sequenced from most constrained to most free, providing achievable milestones with focused objectives. Compared to descriptive assignments and more serious architectural problems, these design-oriented exercises invite experimentation by lowering risk, and neutralize stylistic questions by taking design out of the traditional architectural context. Used in conjunction with the modeling of case studies, they engage a wide range of students by addressing different kinds of issues. From examining the results of the student work, we conclude that play as a theme encourages greater degree of participation and comprehension.