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Matching words and pictures

by Kobus Barnard, Pinar Duygulu, David Forsyth, Nando De Freitas, David M. Blei, Michael I. Jordan - JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH , 2003
"... We present a new approach for modeling multi-modal data sets, focusing on the specific case of segmented images with associated text. Learning the joint distribution of image regions and words has many applications. We consider in detail predicting words associated with whole images (auto-annotation ..."
Abstract - Cited by 665 (40 self) - Add to MetaCart
-annotation) and corresponding to particular image regions (region naming). Auto-annotation might help organize and access large collections of images. Region naming is a model of object recognition as a process of translating image regions to words, much as one might translate from one language to another. Learning

Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems

by Peter M. Vitousek, Harold A. Mooney, Jane Lubchenco, Jerry M. Melillo - Science , 1997
"... Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing. Between one-third and one-half interact with the atmosphere, with aquatic of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide con- systems, and with surrounding land. Morecentration in the atmosphere has increased by near ..."
Abstract - Cited by 609 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
be measured more or less straightforwardly at a eiven site, but it is difficult to aggregate these changes regionally and globallv. In contrast to analvses of human al-A11 organisms modify their environment, reasonably well quantified; all are ongoing, teraiion of the global carbon cycle, we and humans

Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding

by Irving Biederman - Psychological Review , 1987
"... The perceptual recognition of objects is conceptualized to be a process in which the image of the input is segmented at regions of deep concavity into an arrangement of simple geometric components, such as blocks, cylinders, wedges, and cones. The fundamental assumption of the proposed theory, recog ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1272 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
The perceptual recognition of objects is conceptualized to be a process in which the image of the input is segmented at regions of deep concavity into an arrangement of simple geometric components, such as blocks, cylinders, wedges, and cones. The fundamental assumption of the proposed theory

Increasing Returns and Economic Geography

by Paul Krugman - Journal of Political Economy , 1991
"... This paper develops a simple model that shows how a country can endogenously become differentiated into an industrialized "core" and an agricultural "periphery. " In order to realize scale economies while minimizing transport costs, manufacturing firms tend to locate in the regio ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1811 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the region with larger demand, but the location of demand itself depends on the distribution of manufacturing. Emergence of a core-periphery pattern depends on transportation costs, economies of scale, and the share of manufacturing in national income. The study of economic geography-of the location

Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation

by Salim Yusuf, Dphil Srinath Reddy, Md Stephanie Ôunpuu, Phd Sonia An
"... Abstract—This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and ot ..."
Abstract - Cited by 420 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention. (Circulation. 2001

The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes.

by Pierre Collin-Dufresne , Robert S Goldstein , J Spencer Martin , Gurdip Bakshi , Greg Bauer , Dave Brown , Francesca Carrieri , Peter Christoffersen , Susan Christoffersen , Greg Duffee , Darrell Duffie , Vihang Errunza , Gifford Fong , Mike Gallmeyer , Laurent Gauthier , Rick Green , John Griffin , Jean Helwege , Kris Jacobs , Chris Jones , Andrew Karolyi , Dilip Madan , David Mauer , Erwan Morellec , Federico Nardari , N R Prabhala , Tony Sanders , Sergei Sarkissian , Bill Schwert , Ken Singleton , Chester Spatt , René Stulz - Journal of Finance , 2001
"... ABSTRACT Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are ..."
Abstract - Cited by 422 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
is that, after controlling for these aggregate determinants, the systematic movement of credit spread changes still remains, and indeed, is the dominant factor. Brown The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section I, we examine the theoretical determinants of credit spread changes from a

The African Regional Organization for Standardization

by Austin S. Khulumula , 2003
"... Abstract − The development of metrology infrastructure in African Member States has been the mandate given to ARSO by the African Union (AU) previously the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in its Treaty. ARSO fulfils this role through coordination mechanism that harmonizes the sub-regional metrol ..."
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Abstract − The development of metrology infrastructure in African Member States has been the mandate given to ARSO by the African Union (AU) previously the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in its Treaty. ARSO fulfils this role through coordination mechanism that harmonizes the sub-regional

Bioprospector: Discovering Conserved Dna Motifs In Upstream Regulatory Regions Of Co-Expressed Genes

by X. Liu, D. L. Brutlag, J. S. Liu - Pac. Symp. Biocomput , 2001
"... ms. For a copy of the program and documentation for UNIX systems, please contact xliu@smi.stanford.edu. 1 Introduction Over the last ten years, genomic sequencing has started in over 600 organisms, and over 50 complete genomes are sequenced. The DNA microarray technology permits the measurement o ..."
Abstract - Cited by 354 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
ms. For a copy of the program and documentation for UNIX systems, please contact xliu@smi.stanford.edu. 1 Introduction Over the last ten years, genomic sequencing has started in over 600 organisms, and over 50 complete genomes are sequenced. The DNA microarray technology permits the measurement

Crystal structure of rhodopsin: a G protein-coupled receptor

by Krzysztof Palczewski, Takashi Kumasaka, Tetsuya Hori, Craig A. Behnke, Hiroyuki Motoshima, Brian A. Fox, Isolde Le Trong, David C. Teller, Tetsuji Okada, Ronald E. Stenkamp, Masaki Yamamoto, Masashi Miyano - LeTrong I, Teller DC, Okada T, Stenkamp RE et , 2000
"... Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotideÐbinding protein (G protein)Ðcoupled recep-tors (GPCRs) respond to a variety of different external stimuli and activate G proteins. GPCRs share many structural features, including a bundle of seven transmembrane a helices connected by six loops of varying lengths. We ..."
Abstract - Cited by 376 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
. We de-termined the structure of rhodopsin from diffraction data extending to 2.8 angstroms resolution. The highly organized structure in the extracellular region, including a conserved disulÞde bridge, forms a basis for the arrangement of the seven-helix transmembrane motif. The ground

Robust Anisotropic Diffusion

by Michael J. Black, Guillermo Sapiro, David Marimont, David Heeger , 1998
"... Relations between anisotropic diffusion and robust statistics are described in this paper. Specifically, we show that anisotropic diffusion can be seen as a robust estimation procedure that estimates a piecewise smooth image from a noisy input image. The "edge-stopping" function in the ani ..."
Abstract - Cited by 361 (17 self) - Add to MetaCart
and improves the automatic stopping of the diffusion. The robust statistical interpretation also provides a means for detecting the boundaries (edges) between the piecewise smooth regions in an image that has been smoothed with anisotropic diffusion. Additionally, we derive a relationship between anisotropic
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