We describe "universal" DNA primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 710-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasesubunit I gene (COI) from 11 invertebrate phyla:Echinodermata, Mollusca, Annelida, Pogonophora, Arthropoda, Nemertinea, Echiura, Sipuncula

We present here a simple and fast method allowing the isolation of DNA binding sites for transcription factors from families of coregulated genes, with results illustrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although conceptually simple, the algorithm proved efficient for extracting, from most

The rice plastid genes psaA and psaB encoding the two apoproteins ofP700 chlorophyll a protein complex of photosystem I reac-tion center, and the putative rpsl4 gene for ribosomal protein Sl4, are organized into a transcription u it. Northern blot analyses revealed that the polycistronic m

Retroviral vectors containing putative internal ribosome entry sites: development of a polycistronic gene transfer

begun to be tested in numerous studies of association between genetic variation at these common DNA polymorphisms and variation in disease susceptibility. We have performed an extensive review of such association studies. We find that over 600 positive associations between common gene variants

the ORF-encoded polypeptides are related to sequences with unknown functions, and 496 (27%) have little or no homology to sequences in public databases. Comparisons with Eucarya-, Bacteria-, and Archaea -specific databases reveal that 1,013 of the putative gene products (54%) are most similar

For many newly sequenced genes, sequence analysis of the putative protein yields no clue on function. It would be bene®cial to be able to identify in the genome the regulatory regions that confer temporal and spatial expression patterns for the uncharacterized genes. Additionally, it would

tributed equally to this work. to the prediction of 24 putative sRNA-encoding genes, of which 23 were Received: 2 May 2001 tested experimentally. Here we report on the discovery of 14 genes Revised: 21 May 2001 encoding novel small RNAs in E. coli and their expression patterns under Accepted

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and unsupervised data analysis and its applications, such as predicting gene function classes and cancer classification. Then we discuss how the gene expression matrix can be used to predict putative regulatory signals in the genome sequences. In conclusion we discuss some