Abstract For a number of important applications of signaling, it is sometimes more reasonable to assume that the sender rather than nature chooses its unobservable features (e.g. its private choice of quality). In other situations, it makes no sense at all for nature to determine the sender

Organ donation and allocation form a particularly instructive case of health care provision since, due to the necessity of resource pooling, there is a clear collective good aspect that might be missing in most other fields of health care. Though a strong moral case in favor of purely private

INTRODUCTION- THE CHALLENGE FACING GOVERNMENTS There is a growing literature arguing that we live in an era of deep systemic change – ecological, technological, political, economic, social (eg Castells 1996; Beck, Giddens

Students tend to enter college when college appeals to them, when appropriate college choices are available, and when at least one of the available colleges has a larger value than the other available op-tions. When any of these conditions is not met, or appears not to be met, students tend

-ment of children in and out of schools, may further deteriorate the educational conditions for disadvantaged students left behind in local public schools. One of the most controversial issues educational researchers investigate is whether school choice options-including private, charter, and magnet schools

correlated with common stock returns. These findings motivate the investigation in the second part of the paper of a linear asset pricing model that incorporates proprietary income from privately held businesses as a risk factor.

-equality reflects cumulative differences in the effects of luck on con-sumption. Other models of intertemporal choice-such as those with strong precautionary motives or liquidity constraints-can limit or even prevent the spread of inequality, as can insurance arrange-ments that share risk across individuals

aspect. To account for this take-off in coverage we propose a simple SIR transmission model with vaccination choice, where, unlike similar works, vaccinating behaviour spreads not only through the diffusion of ‘‘private’ ’ information spontaneously circulating among parents of children to be vaccinated

Can the character of urban life and social interaction be decisively shaped by physical and social planning? This paper examines new towns in Britain, the United States, and the USSR, and finds that, although Soviet and western planners seek differing patterns of urban life, even the most comprehensive plans have failed to foster distinctive lifestyles. Assumptions and biases of both planning approaches are analyzed, as are the contribu-tions of new-town governance and "admissions policies " to the social outcomes of urban planning. Urban life is a rich mosaic of behavior patterns. Can it be deci-sively reshaped through comprehensive planning?’ To weigh the effects of planning on urban life we must study cases which clearly represent attempts to improve urban life through comprehensive planning. The ideals sought must be clear in each case and must be varied enough to allow compara-tive analysis. A real test of the efficacy of comprehensive plan-ning must allow authorities a free hand in planning and imple-mentation.

theory as an aid to private choice