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Spectrum Auctions

by Peter Cramton , 2001
"... Auctions have emerged as the primary means of assigning spectrum licenses to companies wishing to provide wireless communication services. Since July 1994, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has conducted 33 spectrum auctions, assigning thousands of licenses to hundreds of firms. Countries ..."
Abstract - Cited by 458 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
Auctions have emerged as the primary means of assigning spectrum licenses to companies wishing to provide wireless communication services. Since July 1994, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has conducted 33 spectrum auctions, assigning thousands of licenses to hundreds of firms. Countries

Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning

by John Sweller - COGNITIVE SCIENCE , 1988
"... Considerable evidence indicates that domain specific knowledge in the form of schemes is the primary factor distinguishing experts from novices in problem-solving skill. Evidence that conventional problem-solving activity is not effective in schema acquisition is also accumulating. It is suggested t ..."
Abstract - Cited by 639 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
Considerable evidence indicates that domain specific knowledge in the form of schemes is the primary factor distinguishing experts from novices in problem-solving skill. Evidence that conventional problem-solving activity is not effective in schema acquisition is also accumulating. It is suggested

Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function

by Giuseppe Bianchi , 2000
"... Recently, the IEEE has standardized the 802.11 protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of 802.11 is called distributed coordination function (DCF). DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary slott ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1869 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Recently, the IEEE has standardized the 802.11 protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of 802.11 is called distributed coordination function (DCF). DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary

The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning

by L. A. Zadeh - Journal of Information Science , 1975
"... By a linguistic variable we mean a variable whose values are words or sentences in a natural or artificial language. I:or example, Age is a linguistic variable if its values are linguistic rather than numerical, i.e., young, not young, very young, quite young, old, not very oldand not very young, et ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1430 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
By a linguistic variable we mean a variable whose values are words or sentences in a natural or artificial language. I:or example, Age is a linguistic variable if its values are linguistic rather than numerical, i.e., young, not young, very young, quite young, old, not very oldand not very young

The highly irregular firing of cortical cells is inconsistent with temporal integration of random EPSPs

by William Ft. Softky, Christof Koch - Journal of Neuroscience , 1993
"... How random is the discharge pattern of cortical neurons? We examined recordings from primary visual cortex (Vl; Knierim and Van Essen, 1992) and extrastriate cortex (MT; Newsome et al., 1989a) of awake, behaving macaque mon-key and compared them to analytical predictions. For non-bursting cells firi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 457 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
How random is the discharge pattern of cortical neurons? We examined recordings from primary visual cortex (Vl; Knierim and Van Essen, 1992) and extrastriate cortex (MT; Newsome et al., 1989a) of awake, behaving macaque mon-key and compared them to analytical predictions. For non-bursting cells

Contribution of Primary Care to Health Systems and Health 499

by Barbara Starfield, Leiyu Shi, James Macinko, B. Starfield, L. Shi, J. Macinko
"... Evidence of the health-promoting influence of primary care has been accumu-lating ever since researchers have been able to distinguish primary care from other aspects of the health services delivery system. This evidence shows that primary care helps prevent illness and death, regardless of whether ..."
Abstract - Cited by 361 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
in populations, a finding that holds in both cross-national and within-national studies. The means by which primary care improves health have been identified, thus suggesting ways to improve overall health and reduce differences in health across major population subgroups. Key Words: Primary care, health

A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new product development

by Paul R. Carlile , 2002
"... This study explores the premise that knowledge in new product development proves both a barrier to and a source of innovation. To understand the problematic nature of knowledge and the boundaries that result, an ethnographic study was used to understand how knowledge is structured differently across ..."
Abstract - Cited by 389 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
across the four primary functions that are dependent on each other in the creation and production of a high-volume product. A pragmatic view of “knowledge in practice ” is developed, describing knowledge as localized, embedded, and invested within a function and how, when working across functions

Sociocultural theory and second language learning

by James P. Lantolf, Steven L. Thorne , 2000
"... The intent of this chapter is to familiarize readers with the principles and con-structs of an approach to learning and mental development known as Socio-cultural Theory.1 Sociocultural Theory (SCT) has its origins in the writings of the Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky and his colleagues. SCT ar ..."
Abstract - Cited by 259 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
their biological and be-havioral activity. Language use, organization, and structure are the primary means of mediation. Practically speaking, developmental processes take place through participation in cultural, linguistic, and historically formed settings such as family life and peer group interaction

ELEVATOR DESIGN FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ELEVATORS WHEN USED AS THE PRIMARY MEANS OF EVACUATION DURING FIRE EMERGENCIES*

by Elmer F. Chapman
"... The elevator for use in the 21st century must be designed for safety under all conditions that may be expected in the building in which they are to be installed. The integration of smoke control systems and fire protection sys-tems along with evacuation procedures for the use of elevators systems du ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
that by introducing a number of existing and practical safety measures, elevators can become the primary means of egress, as well as the primary means of ingress to a building. Elevators transport more people, and do this with a safety record that surpasses any other means of transportation. The utilization of today

Treebank Grammars

by Eugene Charniak - In Proc. of the 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-1996 , 1996
"... By a “tree-bank grammar ” we mean a context-free grammar created by reading the production rules directly from hand-parsed sentences in a tree bank. Common wisdom has it that such grammars do not perform we & though we know of no published data on the issue. The primary purpose of this paper is ..."
Abstract - Cited by 252 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
By a “tree-bank grammar ” we mean a context-free grammar created by reading the production rules directly from hand-parsed sentences in a tree bank. Common wisdom has it that such grammars do not perform we & though we know of no published data on the issue. The primary purpose of this paper
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