The halo mass function from the dark ages through the

Abstract. We discuss the effect of curvature and matter inhomogeneities on the averaged scalar curvature of the present–day Universe. Motivated by studies of averaged inhomogeneous cosmologies, we contemplate on the question whether it is sensible to assume that curvature averages out on some scale

robust Atlantic meridional overturning circulation which collapses in the original model release. The paper describes the present-day control run of the adjusted model (referred to as “CCSM2/T31x3a”) which is brought into climatic equilibrium by applying a deep-ocean acceleration technique

l purpose resolution theorem prover, several extensions and modifications have been developed. They led to efficiency gains and increased the expressive power of the underlying logic; most prominent examples being Kowalski's version of the situational calculus [21] and Manna and Waldinger's fluent theory [22], respectively. Kowalski's approach provides a representational solution of the frame problem by drastically reducing the number of required frame axioms. Plans are generated using a Horn clause resolution procedure guided by several strategies. Fluent theory was the first approach which allowed for a domain axiomatisation using flexible function symbols and with that formed the basis for the generation of recursive plans. These were produced by Manna and Waldinger's resolution-based tableau calculus which also provides induction rules. The paradigm, which underlies these approaches as well as most of the more recent ones, is that of

A study of ‘present perfect ’ and ‘preterit ’ usage

Purpose – A substantial number of researchers have investigated the global economic dynamics of this time to disprove unconditional convergence and refute its very idea, stating the phenomenon of conditional convergence instead. However, most respective papers limit their investigation period with the early or mid-2000s. In the authors ’ opinion, some of the global trends which revealed themselves particularly clearly in the second half of the 2000s call for a revision of the convergence issue. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Several methodologies for measuring the global convergence/ divergence trends exist in the economic literature. This paper seeks to contribute to the existing literature on unconditional b-convergence of the per capita incomes at the global level. Findings – In the recent years, the gap between high-income and middle-income countries is decreasing especially rapidly. The gap between high-income and low-income countries, meanwhile, is decreasing at a much slower pace. At the same time, the gap between middle-income and low-income countries is actually widening. Indeed, in the early 1980s GDP per capita in the low-income countries was on average three times lower than in the middle-income countries, and this gap was totally

ABSTRACT A review is presented of some of the observed features of cluster formation in our Galaxy and in external galaxies. Evidence is summarized suggesting that star clusters form only in the densest parts of large star-forming complexes, and that the molecular clumps in which they form

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Transformation Ratio for the Shublik source rock through time. Due to the prominent north south dip of the strata, the source becomes mature in the south whereas it stays immature in the north. The prograding foresets have an additional effect on maturity as they shift it from West to East.

has more member states than the former East African community,