Discuss ion Paper no. 862-88

high and rising during the first three decades of the century and peaked during the Depression. It fell sharply during World War I1 and remained at the lower level in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s it rose rapidly to pre-WWII levels. The rate of poverty exhibited a long-run downward

Between 1973 and 1989, data from October Current Population Surveys show that annual dropout rates are successively higher in each of the last three years of high school, and men drop out more than women, especially at the twelfth-grade level. Dropout is least among whites and greatest among Hispanics, and it has declined among whites and blacks since the late 1970s. Social background favors school continuation among whites relative to blacks or Hispanics, but trends in background were favorable both to whites and blacks. Residence in a large central city increases high

Employment-poverty linkages and pro-poor growth: A synthesis paper based on country studies of

Towards a more employment-intensive and pro-poor economic growth in Ethiopia: Issues and policies by

Employment creation programmes: The international experience by

Betson, Thomas Gustafson, and Marilyn Moon. The Supplemental Security Income program (551) is the primary escape route from poverty for a significant number of the aged poor, yet approx-imately 50 % of all those eligible are not enrolled. Why is this so and what can be done to increase

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Any opinions expressed here are solely those of the authors and not of any sponsoring This study explores transitions between homeless and domiciled states. It describes the timing of departures from and returns to homelessness, and it tests theoretical propositions linking individual attributes and experiences to these transitions. Four theoretical frameworks guide the analyses: institutional disaffiliation, human capital deficiencies, personal disabilities, and acculturation. The data come from a longitudinal study of homeless individuals in Minneapolis. Various individual attributes are linked with leaving homelessness, including recent employment, welfare receipt, job training, identification with other homeless people, and homeless history. Fewer attributes are linked with returns to homelessness: work history and gender. These findings provide some evidence for existing explanations for homeless transitions, and they suggest promising avenues for further research on the dynamics of homelessness. The Dynamics of Homelessness Empirical studies of homeless people date back at least to the nineteenth century, and may now number well into the hundreds. These studies have served the important purpose of informing

We are grateful to Molly Dahl for exceptionally helpful assistance, and for advice from colleagues at the

Institute for Research on Poverty. The opinions and conclusions are solely those of the authors and should