We define and discuss several notions of potential functions for games in strategic form. We characterize games that have a potential function, and we present a variety of applications.

experiment. Electrophysiologists have described neurons in striate cortex that are selectively sensitive to certain visual properties; for reviews, see Hubel (1988) and DeValois and DeValois (1988). Psychophysicists have inferred the existence of channels that are tuned for certain visual properties; for reviews, see Graham (1989), Olzak and Thomas (1986), Pokorny and Smith (1986), and Watson (1986). Researchers in perception have found aspects of visual stimuli that are processed pre-attentively (Beck, 1966; Bergen & Julesz, 1983; Julesz & Bergen, Motion Color Binocular disparity Retinal processing Early vision Memory Higher-level vision Etc... Retina More processing Still more processing Orientation Fig.1.1 A generic diagram for visual processing. In this approach, early vision consists of a set of parallel pathways, each analyzing some particular aspect of the visual stimulus. 1983; Treisman, 1986; Treisman & Gelade, 1980). And in computational

In this paper we present a new data structure for representing Boolean functions and an associated set of manipulation algorithms. Functions are represented by directed, acyclic graphs in a manner similar to the representations introduced by Lee [1] and Akers [2], but with further restrictions

We present a technique for constructing random fields from a set of training samples. The learning paradigm builds increasingly complex fields by allowing potential functions, or features, that are supported by increasingly large subgraphs. Each feature has a weight that is trained by minimizing

Function approximation is viewed from the perspective of numerical optimization in function space, rather than parameter space. A connection is made between stagewise additive expansions and steepest{descent minimization. A general gradient{descent \boosting" paradigm is developed

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have been devised to survey gene functions en masse either computationally (Marcotte et al., 1999) or experimentally; among these, highly parallel assays of

of coordinately expressed genes. The temporal expression pattern provided clues to potential functions of hundreds of previously uncharacterized genes, some of which have vertebrate homologs that may function during gametogenesis. All sexually reproducing organisms have a specialized developmental pathway

in that it cannot be written as the negative gradient of a potential function, and the corresponding snake is formulated directly from a force balance condition rather than a variational formulation. Using several two-dimensional (2-D) examples and one three-dimensional (3-D) example, we show that GVF has a large

This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postu-lated executive functions—mental set shifting (‘‘Shifting’’), information updating and monitoring (‘‘Updating’’), and inhibition of prepotent responses (‘‘Inhibi-tion’’)—and their roles in complex ‘‘frontal lobe